try...catch

see the talk page - this probably should just be "try"

Resumen

Marks a block of statements to try, and specifies a response, should an exception be thrown.

Sintaxis

try {try_statements
}
[catch (exception_var_1 ifcondition_1) {catch_statements_1
}]
...
[catch (exception_var_2) {catch_statements_2
}]
[finally {finally_statements
}]

try_statements

Las sentencias que serán ejecutadas.

catch_statements_1, catch_statements_2

Sentencias que son ejecutadas si una excepción es lanzada en el bloque try.

exception_var_1, exception_var_2

An identifier to hold an exception object for the associated catch clause.

condition_1

Una expresión condicional.

finally_statements

Statements that are executed before the try statement completes. These statements execute regardless of whether or not an exception was thrown or caught.

Descripción

The try statement consists of a try block, which contains one or more statements, and at least one catch clause or a finally clause, or both. That is, there are three forms of the try statement:

1. try...catch
2. try...finally
3. try...catch...finally

A catch clause contain statements that specify what to do if an exception is thrown in the try block. That is, you want the try block to succeed, and if it does not succeed, you want control to pass to the catch block. If any statement within the try block (or in a function called from within the try block) throws an exception, control immediately shifts to the catch clause. If no exception is thrown in the try block, the catch clause is skipped.

The finally clause executes after the try block and catch clause(s) execute but before the statements following the try statement. It always executes, regardless of whether or not an exception was thrown or caught.

You can nest one or more try statements. If an inner try statement does not have a catch clause, the enclosing try statement's catch clause is entered.

You also use the try statement to handle Java exceptions. See the JavaScript Guide for information on Java exceptions.

Cláusula incondicional catch

When a single, unconditional catch clause is used, the catch block is entered when any exception is thrown. For example, when the exception occurs in the following code, control transfers to the catch clause.

try {
   throw "myException"; // genera una excepción
}
catch (e) {
   // sentencias para manejar cualquier excepción
   logMyErrors(e); // pasar el objeto de la excepción al manejador de errores
}

Cláusulas condicionales catch

You can also use one or more conditional catch clauses to handle specific exceptions. In this case, the appropriate catch clause is entered when the specified exception is thrown. In the following example, code in the try block can potentially throw three exceptions: TypeError, RangeError, and EvalError. When an exception occurs, control transfers to the appropriate catch clause. If the exception is not one of the specified exceptions and an unconditional catch clause is found, control transfers to that catch clause.

If you use an unconditional catch clause with one or more conditional catch clauses, the unconditional catch clause must be specified last. Otherwise, the unconditional catch clause will intercept all types of exception before they can reach the conditional ones.

try {
   myroutine(); // may throw three exceptions
} catch (e if e instanceof TypeError) {
   // statements to handle TypeError exceptions
} catch (e if e instanceof RangeError) {
   // statements to handle RangeError exceptions
} catch (e if e instanceof EvalError) {
   // statements to handle EvalError exceptions
} catch (e) {
   // statements to handle any unspecified exceptions
   logMyErrors(e); // pass exception object to error handler
}

Note: This functionality is not part of the ECMAScript specification.

El identificador de excepciones

When an exception is thrown in the try block,exception_var (e.g. the e in catch (e)) holds the value specified by the throw statement. You can use this identifier to get information about the exception that was thrown.

This identifier is local to the catch clause. That is, it is created when the catch clause is entered, and after the catch clause finishes executing, the identifier is no longer available.

La cláusula finally

The finally clause contains statements to execute after the try block and catch clause(s) execute but before the statements following the try statement. The finally clause executes regardless of whether or not an exception is thrown. If an exception is thrown, the statements in the finally clause execute even if no catch clause handles the exception.

You can use the finally clause to make your script fail gracefully when an exception occurs; for example, you may need to release a resource that your script has tied up. The following example opens a file and then executes statements that use the file (server-side JavaScript allows you to access files). If an exception is thrown while the file is open, the finally clause closes the file before the script fails.

openMyFile()
try {
   // tie up a resource
   writeMyFile(theData);
}
finally {
   closeMyFile(); // always close the resource
}

Ejemplos

Vea los ejemplos para throw.

Vea también

• Error
• throw