<script>

Summary

HTML Script Element (<script>) 是用來在 HTML 或 XHTML 文件嵌入或是引用程式碼。

沒有 async 或 defer 屬性的腳本（Scripts）以及內嵌腳本（Scripts）會在瀏覽器解析頁面前取出並立刻執行。

Attributes

此元素包含了 全域屬性。

async HTML5

Set this Boolean attribute to indicate that the browser should, if possible, execute the script asynchronously. It has no effect on inline scripts (i.e., scripts that don't have the src attribute).

關於其瀏覽器的支援程度可參考《Browser compatibility 》，另請參閱《 Async scripts for asm.js 》。

integrity

Contains inline metadata that a user agent can use to verify that a fetched resource has been delivered free of unexpected manipulation. 請參閱《 Subresource Integrity 》。

src

This attribute specifies the URI of an external script; this can be used as an alternative to embedding a script directly within a document. If a script element has a src attribute specified, it should not have a script embedded inside its tags.

type

This attribute identifies the scripting language of code embedded within a script element or referenced via the element’s src attribute. This is specified as a MIME type; examples of supported MIME types include text/javascript, text/ecmascript, application/javascript, and application/ecmascript. If this attribute is absent, the script is treated as JavaScript.

Note that in Firefox you can use advanced features such as let statements and other features in later JS versions, by using type=application/javascript;version=1.8. Beware, however, that as this is a non-standard feature, this will most likely break support for other browsers, in particular Chromium-based browsers.

For how to include exotic programming languages, read about Rosetta.

text

Like the textContent attribute, this attribute sets the text content of the element.  Unlike the textContent attribute, however, this attribute is evaluated as executable code after the node is inserted into the DOM.

language

Like the type attribute, this attribute identifies the scripting language in use. Unlike the type attribute, however, this attribute’s possible values were never standardized. The type attribute should be used instead.

defer

This Boolean attribute is set to indicate to a browser that the script is meant to be executed after the document has been parsed. Since this feature hasn't yet been implemented by all other major browsers, authors should not assume that the script’s execution will actually be deferred. The defer attribute shouldn't be used on scripts that don't have the src attribute. Since Gecko 1.9.2, the defer attribute is ignored on scripts that don't have the src attribute. However, in Gecko 1.9.1 even inline scripts are deferred if the defer attribute is set.

crossorigin

Normal script elements pass minimal information to the window.onerror for scripts which do not pass the standard CORS checks. To allow error logging for sites which use a separate domain for static media, several browsers have enabled the crossorigin attribute for scripts using the same definition as the standard img crossorigin attribute. Efforts to standardize this attribute are underway on the WHATWG mailing list.

範例

<!-- HTML4 and (x)HTML -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="javascript.js"></script>

<!-- HTML5 -->
<script src="javascript.js"></script>

規格

瀏覽器支援度

[1] In older browsers that don't support the async attribute, parser-inserted scripts block the parser; script-inserted scripts execute asynchronously in IE and WebKit, but synchronously in Opera and pre-4.0 Firefox. In Firefox 4.0, the async DOM property defaults to true for script-created scripts, so the default behavior matches the behavior of IE and WebKit. To request script-inserted external scripts be executed in the insertion order in browsers where the document.createElement("script").async evaluates to true (such as Firefox 4.0), set .async=false on the scripts you want to maintain order. Never call document.write() from an async script. In Gecko 1.9.2, calling document.write() has an unpredictable effect. In Gecko 2.0, calling document.write() from an async script has no effect (other than printing a warning to the error console).

[2] Starting in Gecko 2.0 (Firefox 4 / Thunderbird 3.3 / SeaMonkey 2.1), inserting script elements that have been created by calling document.createElement("script") into the DOM no longer enforces execution in insertion order. This change lets Gecko properly abide by the HTML5 specification. To make script-inserted external scripts execute in their insertion order, set .async=false on them.

Also, <script> elements inside <iframe>, <noembed> and <noframes> elements are now executed, for the same reasons.

[3] In versions prior to Internet Explorer 10 Trident implemented <script> by a proprietary specification. Since version 10 it conforms to the W3C specification.

[4] The crossorigin attribute was implemented in WebKit in WebKit bug 81438.

[5] WebKit bug 148363 tracks WebKit implementation of Subresource Integrity (which includes the integrity attribute).

延伸閱讀

• document.currentScript
• Ryan Grove's <script> and <link> node event compatibility chart