<a>

摘要

HTML 的超連結元素（<a>，意為 Anchor）用來定義超連結或連結，至位在任何一個網頁(可以是自己)的目標位置。超連結元素同時也可以用來(儘管此方法已被淘汰)作為網頁中的錨點，此錨點可以讓其他超連結指向網頁中的某部份內容，讓超連結不只是單純連接到網頁的最頂端而已。

<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org">MDN</a>

使用情境

屬性

Like all other HTML elements, this element has the global attributes.

charset 已過時 HTML5

This attribute defines the character encoding of the linked resource. The value is a space- and/or comma-delimited list of character sets as defined in RFC 2045. The default value is ISO-8859-1.

Usage note: This attribute is obsolete in HTML5 and should not be used by authors. To achieve its effect, use the HTTP Content-Type header on the linked resource.

coords HTML 4 only, 已過時 HTML5

For use with object shapes, this attribute uses a comma-separated list of numbers to define the coordinates of the object on the page.

datafld

This attribute specifies the column name from that data source object that supplies the bound data.

Usage note: This attribute is non-standard and should not be used by authors. To achieve its effect, use scripting and a mechanism such as XMLHttpRequest to populate the page dynamically

Support	Gecko	Presto	WebKit	Trident
	Not implemented	Not implemented	Not implemented	IE4, IE5, IE6, IE7 (Removed in IE8)
Normative document	Microsoft's Data Binding: dataFld Property (MSDN)

datasrc

This attribute indicates the ID of the data source object that supplies the data that is bound to this element.

Usage note: This attribute is non-standard and should not be used by authors. To achieve its effect, use scripting and a mechanism such as XMLHttpRequest to populate the page dynamically.

Support	Gecko	Presto	WebKit	Trident
	Not implemented	Not implemented	Not implemented	IE4, IE5, IE6, IE7 (Removed in IE8)
Normative document	Microsoft's Data Binding: dataSrc Property (MSDN)

download HTML5

This attribute, if present, indicates that the author intends the hyperlink to be used for downloading a resource. If the attribute has a value, the browser should interpret that as the default filename that the author recommends for use in labeling the resource in a local file system. There are no restrictions on allowed values, but you should consider that most file systems have limitations with regard to what punctuation is supported in file names, and browsers are likely to adjust file names accordingly.

Note: You can use this with data:, blob: and filesystem: URLs, to make it easy for users to download programmatically generated content.

href

This is the single required attribute for anchors defining a hypertext source link. It indicates the link target, either a URL or a URL fragment, that is a name preceded by a hash mark (#), which specifies an internal target location (an ID) within the current document. URLs are not restricted to Web (HTTP)-based documents. URLs might use any protocol supported by the browser. For example, file, ftp, and mailto work in most user agents.

Note: You can use the special fragment "top" to create a link back to the top of the page; for example <a href="#top">Return to top</a>. This behavior is specified by HTML5.

hreflang

This attribute indicates the language of the linked resource. It is purely advisory Allowed values are determined by BCP47 for HTML5 and by RFC1766 for HTML4. Use this attribute only if the href attribute is present.

media HTML5

This attribute specifies the media which the linked resource applies to. Its value must be a media query. This attribute is mainly useful when linking to external stylesheets by allowing the user agent to pick the best adapted one for the device it runs on.

Usage note:

• In HTML 4, only simple white-space-separated list of media description literals, i.e. media types and groups, where defined and allowed as values for this attribute, like print, screen, aural, braille, ... HTML 5 extended this to any kind of media queries, which are a superset of the allowed values of HTML 4.
• Browsers not supporting the CSS3 Media Queries won't necessarilly recognize the adequate link; do not forget to set fallback links, the restricted set of media queries defined in HTML 4.

methods

The value of this attribute provides information about the functions that might be performed on an object. The values generally are given by the HTTP protocol when it is used, but it might (for similar reasons as for the title attribute) be useful to include advisory information in advance in the link. For example, the browser might choose a different rendering of a link as a function of the methods specified; something that is searchable might get a different icon, or an outside link might render with an indication of leaving the current site. This attribute is not well understood nor supported, even by the defining browser, Internet Explorer 4. Methods Property (MSDN)

name HTML 4 only, 已過時 HTML5

This attribute is required in an anchor defining a target location within a page. A value for name is similar to a value for the id core attribute and should be an alphanumeric identifier unique to the document. Under the HTML 4.01 specification, id and name both can be used with the <a> element as long as they have identical values.

Usage note:  This attribute is obsolete in HTML5, use global attribute id instead.

ping HTML5

The support for "ping" was disabled starting with Firefox 3 beta 3. bug 415168

rel

For anchors containing the href attribute, this attribute specifies the relationship of the target object to the link object. The value is a space-separated list of relationship values. The values and their semantics will be registered by some authority that might have meaning to the document author. The default relationship, if no other is given, is void. Use this attribute only if the href attribute is present.

rev HTML 4 only, 已過時 HTML5

This attribute specifies a reverse link, the inverse relationship of the rel attribute. It is useful for indicating where an object came from, such as the author of a document.

shape HTML 4 only, 已過時 HTML5

This attribute is used to define a selectable region for hypertext source links associated with a figure to create an image map. The values for the attribute are circle, default, polygon, and rect. The format of the coords attribute depends on the value of shape. For circle, the value is x,y,r where x and y are the pixel coordinates for the center of the circle and r is the radius value in pixels. For rect, the coords attribute should be x,y,w,h. The x,y values define the upper-left-hand corner of the rectangle, while w and h define the width and height respectively. A value of polygon for shape requires x1,y1,x2,y2,... values for coords. Each of the x,y pairs defines a point in the polygon, with successive points being joined by straight lines and the last point joined to the first. The value default for shape requires that the entire enclosed area, typically an image, be used.

target

This attribute specifies where to display the linked resource. In HTML4, this is the name of, or a keyword for, a frame. In HTML5, it is a name of, or keyword for, a browsing context (for example, tab, window, or inline frame). The following keywords have special meanings:

• _self: Load the response into the same HTML4 frame (or HTML5 browsing context) as the current one. This value is the default if the attribute is not specified.
• _blank: Load the response into a new unnamed HTML4 window or HTML5 browsing context.
• _parent: Load the response into the HTML4 frameset parent of the current frame or HTML5 parent browsing context of the current one. If there is no parent, this option behaves the same way as _self.
• _top: In HTML4: Load the response into the full, original window, canceling all other frames. In HTML5: Load the response into the top-level browsing context (that is, the browsing context that is an ancestor of the current one, and has no parent). If there is no parent, this option behaves the same way as _self.

Use this attribute only if the href attribute is present.

type

This attribute specifies the media type in the form of a MIME type for the link target. Generally, this is provided strictly as advisory information; however, in the future a browser might add a small icon for multimedia types. For example, a browser might add a small speaker icon when type is set to audio/wav. For a complete list of recognized MIME types, see https://www.w3.org/TR/html4/references.html#ref-MIMETYPES. Use this attribute only if the href attribute is present.

urn

This supposedly Microsoft-supported attribute relates a uniform resource name (URN) with the link. While it is based on standards work years back, the meaning of URNs is still not well defined, so this attribute is meaningless. urn Property (MSDN)

DOM接口

This element implements the HTMLAnchorElement interface.

例子

<!-- anchor linking to external file -->
<a href="https://www.mozilla.com/">
External Link
</a>

結果

External Link

Browser compatibility

注

The following are reserved browser key bindings for the two major browsers and should not be used as values to accesskey: a, c, e, f, g, h, v, left arrow, and right arrow.

HTML 3.2 defines only name, href, rel, rev, and title.

The target attribute is not defined in browsers that do not support frames, such as Netscape 1 generation browsers. Furthermore, target is not allowed under strict variants of XHTML but is limited to frameset or transitional forms.

JavaScript recommendations

It is often the case that an anchor tag is used with the onclick event. In order to prevent the page from refreshing, href is often set to either "#" or "javascript:void(0)". Both of these values can lead to some unexpected errors when copying links and opening links in a new tab and/or window. Be aware of this for usability reasons, and when users do use anchor tags and you prevent default behavior.