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Devuelve una referencia al elemento por su ID.
Sintaxis
elemento = document.getElementById(id);
Parametros
elemento hace referencia a unElementode un objeto,si un elemento con ID especificado no está presente en el documento se declarará nulo.idis a case-sensitive string representing the unique ID of the element being sought.
Ejemplo
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>getElementById example</title>
<script>
function changeColor(newColor) {
var elem = document.getElementById("para1");
elem.style.color = newColor;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<p id="para1">Some text here</p>
<button onclick="changeColor('blue');">blue</button>
<button onclick="changeColor('red');">red</button>
</body>
</html>
Some text here
bluered
Notes
New users should note that the capitalization of 'Id' in the name of this method must be correct for the code to function - 'getElementByID' does not work, however natural it may seem.
If there is no element with the given id, this function returns null. Note that the ID parameter is case-sensitive, so document.getElementById("Main") will return null instead of the element
Elements not in the document are not searched by getElementById. When creating an element and assigning it an ID, you have to insert the element into the document tree with insertBefore or a similar method before you can access it with getElementById:
var element = document.createElement("div");
element.id = 'testqq';
var el = document.getElementById('testqq'); // el will be null!
Non-HTML documents. The DOM implementation must have information that says which attributes are of type ID. Attributes with the name "id" are not of type ID unless so defined in the document's DTD. The id attribute is defined to be of ID type in the common cases of XHTML, XUL, and other. Implementations that do not know whether attributes are of type ID or not are expected to return null.
Browser compatibility
| Feature | Chrome | Firefox (Gecko) | Internet Explorer | Opera | Safari (WebKit) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic support | 1.0 | 1.0 (1.7 or earlier) | 5.5 | 7.0 | 1.0 |
| Feature | Android | Firefox Mobile (Gecko) | IE Phone | Opera Mobile | Safari Mobile |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic support | 1.0 | 1.0 (1.0) | 6.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 |
Specification
getElementById was introduced in DOM Level 1 for HTML documents and moved to all documents in DOM Level 2.
- DOM Level 2 Core Specification: getElementById
See also
- document reference for other methods and properties you can use to get references to elements in the document.
- document.querySelector() for selectors via queries like
'div.myclass' - xml:id - has a utility method for allowing getElementById to obtain 'xml:id' in XML documents (such as returned by Ajax calls)