Please note, this is a STATIC archive of website developer.mozilla.org from 03 Nov 2016, cach3.com does not collect or store any user information, there is no "phishing" involved.

赋值运算符

概述

赋值运算符(assignment operator)基于右值(right operand)的值,给左值(left operand)赋值。

描述

基本的赋值运算符是等号(=),该运算符把它右边的运算值赋给左边。即,x = y 把 y 的值赋给 x。 其他的赋值运算符通常是标准运算符的简写形式,如下面的定义与示例。 

名称 简写形式 含义
赋值(Assignment) x = y x = y
加赋值(Addition assignment) x += y x = x + y
减赋值(Subtraction assignment) x -= y x = x - y
乘赋值(Multiplication assigment) x *= y x = x * y
除赋值(Division assignment) x /= y x = x / y
模赋值(Remainder assignment) x %= y x = x % y
左移赋值(Left shift assignment) x <<= y x = x << y
右移赋值(Right shift assignment) x >>= y x = x >> y
无符号右移赋值(Unsigned right shift assignment) x >>>= y x = x >>> y
按位与赋值(Bitwise AND assignment) x &= y x = x & y
按位异或赋值(Bitwise XOR assignment) x ^= y x = x ^ y
按位或赋值(Bitwise OR assignment) x |= y x = x | y

赋值

简单的赋值运算符,把一个值赋给一个变量。为了把一个值赋给多个变量,可以以链式使用赋值运算符。参考下例:

语法

Operator: x = y

示例

// Assuming the following variables
//  x = 5
//  y = 10
//  z = 25

x = y     // x is 10
x = y = z // x, y and z are all 25

加赋值(Addition assignment)

加赋值运算符把一个右值与一个变量相加,然后把相加的结果赋给该变量。两个操作数的类型决定了加赋值运算符的行为。算术相加或字符串连接都有可能。更多细节参考 addition operator

语法

Operator: x += y 
Meaning:  x  = x + y

示例

// 假定定义了下列变量
//  foo = "foo"
//  bar = 5
//  baz = true


// Number + Number -> addition
bar += 2 // 7

// Boolean + Number -> addition
baz += 1 // 2

// Boolean + Boolean -> addition
baz += false // 0

// Number + String -> concatenation
bar += "foo" // "5foo"

// String + Boolean -> concatenation
foo += false // "foofalse"

// String + String -> concatenation
foo += "bar" // "foobar"

减赋值(Subtraction assignment)

减赋值运算符使一个变量减去右值,然后把结果赋给该变量。更多细节查看 subtraction operator

语法

Operator: x -= y 
Meaning:  x  = x - y

示例

// 假定已定义了下面的变量
//  bar = 5

bar -= 2     // 3
bar -= "foo" // NaN

乘赋值(Multiplication assignment)

乘赋值运算符使一个变量乘以右值,然后把相成的结果赋给该变量。更多细节查看 multiplication operator

语法

Operator: x *= y 
Meaning:  x  = x * y

示例

// 假定已定义了下面的变量
//  bar = 5

bar *= 2     // 10
bar *= "foo" // NaN

除赋值(Division assignment)

除赋值运算符使一个变量除以右值,然后把结果赋给该变量。更多细节查看 division operator

语法

Operator: x /= y 
Meaning:  x  = x / y

示例

// 假定已定义了下面的变量
//  bar = 5

bar /= 2     // 2.5
bar /= "foo" // NaN
bar /= 0     // Infinity

模赋值(Remainder assignment)

模赋值运算符使一个变量除以右值,然后把余数赋给该变量。更多细节查看 remainder operator

语法

Operator: x %= y 
Meaning:  x  = x % y

示例

// Assuming the following variable
//  bar = 5

bar %= 2     // 1
bar %= "foo" // NaN
bar %= 0     // NaN

左移赋值(Left shift assignment)

左移赋值运算符使变量向左移动指定位数的比特位,然后把结果赋给该变量。更多细节查看 left shift operator

语法

Operator: x <<= y 
Meaning:  x   = x << y

示例

var bar = 5; //  (00000000000000000000000000000101)
bar <<= 2; // 20 (00000000000000000000000000010100)

右移赋值(Right shift assignment)

右移赋值运算符使变量向右移指定位数的比特位,然后把结果赋给该变量。更多细节查看 right shift operator

语法

Operator: x >>= y 
Meaning:  x   = x >> y

示例

var bar = 5; //   (00000000000000000000000000000101)
bar >>= 2;   // 1 (00000000000000000000000000000001)

var bar -5; //    (-00000000000000000000000000000101)
bar >>= 2;  // -2 (-00000000000000000000000000000010)

无符号右移赋值(Unsigned right shift assignment)

无符号右移赋值运算符向右移动指定数量的比特位,然后把结果赋给变量。更多细节查看 unsigned right shift operator

语法

Operator: x >>>= y 
Meaning:  x    = x >>> y

示例

var bar = 5; //   (00000000000000000000000000000101)
bar >>>= 2;  // 1 (00000000000000000000000000000001)

var bar = -5; // (-00000000000000000000000000000101)
bar >>>= 2; // 1073741822 (00111111111111111111111111111110)

按位与赋值(Bitwise AND assignment)

按位与赋值运算符使用两个操作值的二进制表示,执行按位与运算,并把结果赋给变量。更多细节查看 bitwise AND operator

语法

Operator: x &= y 
Meaning:  x  = x & y

示例

var bar = 5;
// 5:     00000000000000000000000000000101
// 2:     00000000000000000000000000000010
bar &= 2; // 0

按位异或赋值(Bitwise XOR assignment)

按位异或赋值运算符使用两个操作值的二进制表示,执行二进制异或运算,并把结果赋给变量。更多细节查看 bitwise XOR operator

语法

Operator: x ^= y 
Meaning:  x  = x ^ y

示例

var bar = 5;
bar ^= 2; // 7
// 5: 00000000000000000000000000000101
// 2: 00000000000000000000000000000010
// -----------------------------------
// 7: 00000000000000000000000000000111

按位或赋值(Bitwise OR assignment)

按位或赋值运算符使用两个操作值的二进制表示,执行按位或运算,并把结果赋给变量。更多细节查看 bitwise OR operator

语法

Operator: x |= y 
Meaning:  x  = x | y

示例

var bar = 5;
bar |= 2; // 7
// 5: 00000000000000000000000000000101
// 2: 00000000000000000000000000000010
// -----------------------------------
// 7: 00000000000000000000000000000111

示例

带有赋值运算符的左值(Left operand)

在某些不常见的情况下,赋值运算符(如 x += y)并不等同于表达式(这是是 x = x + y)。当一个赋值运算符的左值包含有一个赋值运算符时,左值只会被求值一次。例如:

a[i++] += 5         // i 执行一次求值
a[i++] = a[i++] + 5 // i 执行两次求值

规范

Specification Status Comment
ECMAScript 1st Edition. Standard Initial definition.
ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262)
Assignment operators
Standard  
ECMAScript 6 (ECMA-262)
Assignment operators
Release Candidate  

浏览器兼容性

Feature Chrome Firefox (Gecko) Internet Explorer Opera Safari
Basic support (Yes) (Yes) (Yes) (Yes) (Yes)
Feature Android Chrome for Android Firefox Mobile (Gecko) IE Mobile Opera Mobile Safari Mobile
Basic support (Yes) (Yes) (Yes) (Yes) (Yes) (Yes)

相关链接

文档标签和贡献者

标签: 
 此页面的贡献者: AlexChao, SphinxKnight
 最后编辑者: AlexChao,