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isNaN() 函数用来判断一个值是否为 NaN。注:isNaN函数包含一些非常有意思的强制转换规则;你也可以通过 ECMAScript 6 中定义的 Number.isNaN() 或者 typeof 来判断一个值是否为非数值。

语法

isNaN(testValue)

参数

testValue
要被检测的值。

描述

isNaN 函数的必要性

与 JavaScript 中其他的值不同,NaN不能通过相等操作符(== 和 ===)来判断 ,因为 NaN == NaNNaN === NaN 都会返回 false。 因此,isNaN 就很有必要了。

NaN值的产生

当算术运算返回一个未定义的或无法表示的值时,NaN就产生了。但是,NaN并不一定用于表示某些值超出表示范围的情况。将某些不能强制转换为数值的非数值转换为数值的时候,也会得到NaN

例如,0 除以0会返回NaN —— 但是其他数除以0则不会返回NaN

令人费解的怪异行为

从最早版本的isNaN函数规范开始, 其针对非数值参数所表现的行为就一直令人费解。 如果isNaN函数的参数不是Number类型, isNaN()会首先尝试将这个参数转换为数值,然后才会对转换后的结果是否是NaN进行判断。因此,对于能被强制转换为有效的非NaN数值来说( 值得一提的是,空字符串和布尔值会被强制转换为数值0或1),返回false值也许会让人感觉莫名其妙。比如说,空字符串就明显”不是数值“(not a number)。这种怪异行为起源于:“不是数值”(not a number)在基于IEEE-794数值的浮点计算体制中代表了一种特定的含义。isNaN函数其实等同于回答了这样一个问题:这个值被强制转换成数值时会不会返回IEEE-754​中所谓的”不是数值“(not a number)。

下一个版本的ECMAScript (ES6)包含Number.isNaN()函数。通过Number.isNaN(x)来检测变量x是否是一个非数值将会是一种可靠的做法。然而,在缺少Number.isNaN函数的情况下, 通过表达式(x != x) 来检测变量x是否是NaN会更加可靠。

可以把isNaN看做:

isNaN = function(value) {
    Number.isNaN(Number(value));
}

示例

isNaN(NaN);       // true
isNaN(undefined); // true
isNaN({});        // true

isNaN(true);      // false
isNaN(null);      // false
isNaN(37);        // false

// strings
isNaN("37");      // false: 可以被转换成数值37
isNaN("37.37");   // false: 可以被转换成数值37.37
isNaN("");        // false: 空字符串被转换成0
isNaN(" ");       // false: 包含空格的字符串被转换成0

// dates
isNaN(new Date());                // false
isNaN(new Date().toString());     // true

isNaN("blabla")   // true: "blabla"不能转换成数值

有用的特殊行为

有许多方式来看待isNaN():如果isNaN(x)返回false,那么x在任何算数表达式中都不会使表达式等于NaN;如果返回true,x会使所有算数表达式返回NaN。这就意味着,在JavaScript中,isNaN(x)==true等价于x-0=NaN(在JavaScript中 x-0 == NaN 总是返回false,所以你不用去测试它)。实际上, isNaN(x)isNaN(x - 0),isNaN(Number(x))Number.isNaN(x - 0),和Number.isNaN(Number(x)) 的返回值都是一样的 并且在JavaScript中isNaN(x)是这些表达式中最短的表达。

You can use this, for example, to test whether an argument to a function is arithmetically processable (usable "like" a number), or if it's not and you have to provide a default value or something else. This way you can have a function that makes use of the full versatility JavaScript provides by implicitly converting values depending on context.

例子

function increment(x) {
  if (isNaN(x)) x = 0;
  return x + 1;
};

// The same effect with Number.isNaN():
function increment(x) {
  if (Number.isNaN(Number(x))) x = 0;
  return x + 1;
};

// In the following cases for the function's argument x,
// isNaN(x) is always false, although x is indeed not a
// number, but can be used as such in arithmetical
// expressions
increment("");            // 1: "" is converted to 0
increment(new String());  // 1: String object representing an empty string is converted to 0
increment([]);            // 1: [] is converted to 0
increment(new Array());   // 1: Array object representing an empty array is converted to 0
increment("0");           // 1: "0" is converted to 0
increment("1");           // 2: "1" is converted to 1
increment("0.1");         // 1.1: "0.1" is converted to 0.1
increment("Infinity");    // Infinity: "Infinity" is converted to Infinity
increment(null);          // 1: null is converted to 0
increment(false);         // 1: false is converted to 0
increment(true);          // 2: true is converted to 1
increment(new Date());    // returns current date/time in milliseconds plus 1

// In the following cases for the function's argument x,
// isNaN(x) is always false and x is indeed a number
increment(-1);            // 0
increment(-0.1);          // 0.9
increment(0);             // 1
increment(1);             // 2
increment(2);             // 3
// ... and so on ...
increment(Infinity);      // Infinity

// In the following cases for the function's argument x,
// isNaN(x) is always true and x is really not a number,
// thus the function replaces it by 0 and returns 1
increment(String);            // 1
increment(Array);             // 1
increment("blabla");          // 1
increment("-blabla");         // 1
increment(0/0);               // 1
increment("0/0");             // 1
increment(Infinity/Infinity); // 1
increment(NaN);               // 1
increment(undefined);         // 1
increment();                  // 1

// isNaN(x) is always the same as isNaN(Number(x)),
// but the presence of x is mandatory here!
isNaN(x) == isNaN(Number(x)) // true for every value of x, including x == undefined,
                             // because isNaN(undefined) == true and Number(undefined) returns NaN,
                             // but ...
isNaN() == isNaN(Number())   // false, because i

规范

Specification Status Comment
ECMAScript 1st Edition (ECMA-262) Standard Initial definition.
ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262)
isNaN
Standard  
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)
isNaN
Standard  

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