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概述

charCodeAt() 方法返回0到65535之间的整数,代表索引处字符的UTF-16编码单元(在Unicode编码单元表示一个单一的UTF-16编码单元的情况下,UTF-16编码单元匹配Unicode编码单元。否则,比如Unicode 编码单元 > 0x10000 的情况下,只能匹配Unicode代理对的第一个编码单元)。如果你希望得到整点编码值,使用codePointAt()

语法

str.charCodeAt(index)

参数

index
一个大于等于 0,小于字符串长度的整数。如果不是一个数值,则默认为 0。

描述

Unicode 编码单元(code points)的范围从 0 到 1,114,111。开头的 128 个 Unicode 编码单元和 ASCII 字符编码一样。关于 Unicode 的更多信息,可查看 JavaScript Guide

注意,charCodeAt 总是返回一个小于 65,536 的值。这是因为高位编码单元(higher code point)使用一对(低位编码(lower valued))代理伪字符("surrogate" pseudo-characters)来表示,从而构成一个真正的字符。因此,为了查看或复制(reproduce)65536 及以上编码字符的完整字符,不仅需要获取 charCodeAt(i) 的值,也需要获取 charCodeAt(i+1) 的值(如同查看/reproducing 拥有两个字符的字符串一样)。参看下面例 2 和例 3。

如果指定的 index 小于 0 或不小于字符串的长度,则 charCodeAt 返回 NaN

向后兼容:在历史版本中(如 JavaScript 1.2),charCodeAt 返回一个数字,表示给定 index 处字符的 ISO-Latin-1 编码值。ISO-Latin-1 编码集范围从 0 到 255。开头的 0 到 127 直接匹配 ASCII 字符集。

示例

例子:使用 charCodeAt()

下例返回 65,即 A 的 Unicode 值:

"ABC".charCodeAt(0) // returns 65

修复charCodeAt()处理非基本多文种平面字符如果之前出现的字符串未知

This version might be used in for loops and the like when it is unknown whether non-BMP characters exist before the specified index position.

function fixedCharCodeAt (str, idx) {
    // ex. fixedCharCodeAt ('\uD800\uDC00', 0); // 65536
    // ex. fixedCharCodeAt ('\uD800\uDC00', 1); // false
    idx = idx || 0;
    var code = str.charCodeAt(idx);
    var hi, low;
    
    // High surrogate (could change last hex to 0xDB7F to treat high
    // private surrogates as single characters)
    if (0xD800 <= code && code <= 0xDBFF) {
        hi = code;
        low = str.charCodeAt(idx+1);
        if (isNaN(low)) {
            throw 'High surrogate not followed by low surrogate in fixedCharCodeAt()';
        }
        return ((hi - 0xD800) * 0x400) + (low - 0xDC00) + 0x10000;
    }
    if (0xDC00 <= code && code <= 0xDFFF) { // Low surrogate
        // We return false to allow loops to skip this iteration since should have
        // already handled high surrogate above in the previous iteration
        return false;
        /*hi = str.charCodeAt(idx-1);
        low = code;
        return ((hi - 0xD800) * 0x400) + (low - 0xDC00) + 0x10000;*/
    }
    return code;
} 

修复charCodeAt()处理非基本多文种平面字符如果之前出现的字符串已知

function knownCharCodeAt (str, idx) {
    str += '';
    var code,
        end = str.length;

    var surrogatePairs = /[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF]/g;
    while ((surrogatePairs.exec(str)) != null) {
        var li = surrogatePairs.lastIndex;
        if (li - 2 < idx) {
            idx++;
        }
        else {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (idx >= end || idx < 0) {
        return NaN;
    }

    code = str.charCodeAt(idx);

    var hi, low;
    if (0xD800 <= code && code <= 0xDBFF) {
        hi = code;
        low = str.charCodeAt(idx+1);
        // Go one further, since one of the "characters" is part of a surrogate pair
        return ((hi - 0xD800) * 0x400) + (low - 0xDC00) + 0x10000;
    }
    return code;
}

规范

Specification Status Comment
ECMAScript 1st Edition. Standard Initial definition.
Implemented in JavaScript 1.2
ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262)
String.prototype.charCodeAt
Standard  
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)
String.prototype.charCodeAt
Standard  

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