WebSocket

This is an experimental technology
Because this technology's specification has not stabilized, check the compatibility table for usage in various browsers. Also note that the syntax and behavior of an experimental technology is subject to change in future versions of browsers as the specification changes.

The WebSocket object provides the API for creating and managing a WebSocket connection to a server, as well as for sending and receiving data on the connection.

The WebSocket constructor accepts one required and one optional parameter:

WebSocket WebSocket(
  in DOMString url,
  in optional DOMString protocols
);

WebSocket WebSocket(
  in DOMString url,
  in optional DOMString[] protocols
);

url: The URL to which to connect; this should be the URL to which the WebSocket server will respond.
protocols Optional: Either a single protocol string or an array of protocol strings. These strings are used to indicate sub-protocols, so that a single server can implement multiple WebSocket sub-protocols (for example, you might want one server to be able to handle different types of interactions depending on the specified protocol). If you don't specify a protocol string, an empty string is assumed.

The constructor can throw exceptions:

SECURITY_ERR: The port to which the connection is being attempted is being blocked.

Method overview

void close(in optional unsigned long code, in optional DOMString reason);

void send(in DOMString data);

Attributes

Attribute	Type	Description
`binaryType`	`DOMString`	A string indicating the type of binary data being transmitted by the connection. This should be either "blob" if DOM `Blob` objects are being used or "arraybuffer" if `ArrayBuffer` objects are being used.
`bufferedAmount`	`unsigned long`	The number of bytes of data that have been queued using calls to `send()` but not yet transmitted to the network. This value resets to zero once all queued data has been sent. This value does not reset to zero when the connection is closed; if you keep calling `send()`, this will continue to climb. Read only
`extensions`	`DOMString`	The extensions selected by the server. This is currently only the empty string or a list of extensions as negotiated by the connection.
`onclose`	`EventListener`	An event listener to be called when the WebSocket connection's `readyState` changes to `CLOSED`. The listener receives a `CloseEvent` named "close".
`onerror`	`EventListener`	An event listener to be called when an error occurs. This is a simple event named "error".
`onmessage`	`EventListener`	An event listener to be called when a message is received from the server. The listener receives a `MessageEvent` named "message".
`onopen`	`EventListener`	An event listener to be called when the WebSocket connection's `readyState` changes to `OPEN`; this indicates that the connection is ready to send and receive data. The event is a simple one with the name "open".
`protocol`	`DOMString`	A string indicating the name of the sub-protocol the server selected; this will be one of the strings specified in the `protocols` parameter when creating the WebSocket object.
`readyState`	`unsigned short`	The current state of the connection; this is one of the Ready state constants. Read only.
`url`	`DOMString`	The URL as resolved by the constructor. This is always an absolute URL. Read only.

Constants

Ready state constants

These constants are used by the readyState attribute to describe the state of the WebSocket connection.

Constant	Value	Description
`CONNECTING`	`0`	The connection is not yet open.
`OPEN`	`1`	The connection is open and ready to communicate.
`CLOSING`	`2`	The connection is in the process of closing.
`CLOSED`	`3`	The connection is closed or couldn't be opened.

Methods

close()

Closes the WebSocket connection or connection attempt, if any. If the connection is already CLOSED, this method does nothing.

void close(
  in optional unsigned short code,
  in optional DOMString reason
);

Parameters

code Optional: A numeric value indicating the status code explaining why the connection is being closed. If this parameter is not specified, a default value of 1000 (indicating a normal "transaction complete" closure) is assumed. See the list of status codes on the CloseEvent page for permitted values.
reason Optional: A human-readable string explaining why the connection is closing. This string must be no longer than 123 bytes of UTF-8 text (not characters).

Exceptions thrown

INVALID_ACCESS_ERR: An invalid code was specified.
SYNTAX_ERR: The reason string is too long or contains unpaired surrogates.

Note: In Gecko, this method didn't support any parameters prior to Gecko 8.0 (Firefox 8.0 / Thunderbird 8.0 / SeaMonkey 2.5).

send()

Transmits data to the server over the WebSocket connection.

void send(
  in DOMString data
);

void send(
  in ArrayBuffer data
);

void send(
  in Blob data
);

Parameters

data: A text string to send to the server.

Exceptions thrown

INVALID_STATE_ERR: The connection is not currently OPEN.
SYNTAX_ERR: The data is a string that has unpaired surrogates.

Note: Gecko's implementation of the send() method differs somewhat from the specification in Gecko 6.0; Gecko returns a boolean indicating whether or not the connection is still open (and, by extension, that the data was successfully queued or transmitted); this is corrected in Gecko 8.0.

As of Gecko 11.0, support for ArrayBuffer is implemented but not Blob data types.

Specifications

Specification	Status	Comment
The WebSocket API The definition of 'WebSocket' in that specification.	Candidate Recommendation	Initial definition

Feature	Chrome	Firefox (Gecko)	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari
Basic support	(Yes)	4.0 (2.0)^[1]	(Yes)	(Yes)	?
Sub-protocol support	?	6.0 (6.0)	?	?	?

Feature	Android	Firefox Mobile (Gecko)	IE Mobile	Opera Mobile	Safari Mobile
Basic support	?	7.0 (7.0)^[1]	?	?	?
Sub-protocol support	?	7.0 (7.0)	?	?	?

[1] Starting in Gecko 6.0 (Firefox 6.0 / Thunderbird 6.0 / SeaMonkey 2.3), the constructor is prefixed; you will need to use MozWebSocket(): var mySocket = new MozWebSocket("https://www.example.com/socketserver");

The extensions attribute was not supported in Gecko until Gecko 8.0.

Prior to Gecko 11.0 (Firefox 11.0 / Thunderbird 11.0 / SeaMonkey 2.8), outbound messages sent using the send() method were limited to 16 MB. They can now be up to 2 GB in size.

WebSocket

Method overview

Attributes

Constants

Ready state constants

Methods

close()

Parameters

Exceptions thrown

send()

Parameters

Exceptions thrown

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

Document Tags and Contributors