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    JavaScript

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    JavaScript (JS) is a lightweight, interpreted, programming language with first-class functions. While it is most well-known as the scripting language for Web pages, many non-browser environments also use it, such as node.js and Apache CouchDB. JS is a prototype-based, multi-paradigm, dynamic scripting language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and declarative (e.g. functional programming) styles. Read more about JavaScript.

    This section of the site is dedicated to the JavaScript language itself, and not the parts that are specific to Web pages or other host environments. For information about APIs specific to Web pages, please see Web APIs and DOM.

    The standard for JavaScript is ECMAScript. As of 2012, all modern browsers fully support ECMAScript 5.1. Older browsers support at least ECMAScript 3. On June 17, 2015, ECMA International published the sixth major version of ECMAScript, which is officially called ECMAScript 2015, and is more commonly referred to as ECMAScript 6 or ES6. Since then ECMAScript standards are on yearly release cycles. This documentation refers to the latest draft version, which is currently ECMAScript 2017.

    Do not confuse JavaScript with the Java programming language. Both "Java" and "JavaScript" are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle in the U.S. and other countries. However, the two programming languages have very different syntax, semantics, and uses.

    Tutorials

    Learn how to program in JavaScript with guides and tutorials.

    Introductory

    JavaScript Guide
    If you are new to JavaScript, this guide will walk you through the language.
    JavaScript technologies overview
    Introduction to the web browser JavaScript landscape.
    Introduction to Object Oriented JavaScript
    Introduction to the concepts of object oriented programming in JavaScript.

    Intermediate

    A re-introduction to JavaScript
    An overview for those who think they know about JavaScript.
    JavaScript data structures
    Overview of available data structures in JavaScript.
    Equality comparisons and sameness
    JavaScript provides three different value-comparison operations: strict equality using ===, loose equality using ==, and the Object.is() method.

    Advanced

    Inheritance and the prototype chain
    Explanation of the widely misunderstood and under-estimated prototype-based inheritance.
    Strict mode
    Strict mode defines that you can not use any variable before initializing it. It is a restricted variant of ECMAScript 5, for faster performance and easier debugging.
    JavaScript typed arrays
    JavaScript typed arrays provide a mechanism for accessing raw binary data.
    Memory Management
    Memory life cycle and garbage collection in JavaScript.
    Concurrency model and Event Loop
    JavaScript has a concurrency model based on an "event loop".

    Reference

    Browse the complete JavaScript reference documentation.

    Standard objects
    Get to know standard built-in objects Array, Boolean, Date, Error, Function, JSON, Math, Number, Object, RegExp, String, Map, Set, WeakMap, WeakSet, and others.
    Expressions and operators
    Learn more about the behavior of JavaScript's operators instanceof, typeof, new, this, the operator precedence, and more.
    Statements and declarations
    Learn how do-while, for-in, for-of, try-catch, let, var, const, if-else, switch, and more JavaScript statements and keywords work.
    Functions
    Learn how to work with JavaScript's functions to develop your applications.

    Tools & resources

    Helpful tools for writing and debugging your JavaScript code.

    Firefox Developer Tools
    Scratchpad, Web Console, JavaScript Profiler, Debugger, and more.
    Firebug
    Edit, debug, and monitor CSS, HTML, and JavaScript live in any web page.
    JavaScript Shells
    A JavaScript shell allows you to quickly test snippets of JavaScript code.
    TogetherJS
    Collaboration made easy.
    Stack Overflow
    Stack Overflow questions tagged with "JavaScript".
    JavaScript versions and release notes
    Browse JavaScript's feature history and implementation status.
    JSFiddle
    Edit JavaScript, CSS, HTML and get live results. Use external resources and collaborate with your team online.

    Join the JavaScript community

    Choose your preferred method for joining the discussion:

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