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Document

In diesem Artikel

Zusammenfassung
Eigenschaften
1. Erweiterung für HTML Dokumente
2. Event handlers
Methoden
1. Erweiterung für HTML Dokumente
Spezifikationen
Browser Kompatibilität
1. Firefox Hinweise
2. Internet Explorer Hinweise

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Zusammenfassung

Each web page loaded in the browser has its own document object. The Document interface serves as an entry point into the web page's content (the DOM tree, including elements such as <body> and <table>) and provides functionality which is global to the document (such as obtaining the page's URL and creating new elements in the document).

A document object can be obtained from various APIs:

Most commonly, you work with the document the script is running in by using document in document's scripts. (The same document can also be referred to as window.document.)
The document of an iframe via the iframe's contentDocument property.
The responseXML of an XMLHttpRequest object.
The document that a given node or element belongs to can be retrieved using the node's ownerDocument property.

Depending on the kind of the document (e.g. HTML or XML), different APIs may be available on the document object.

All document objects implement the Document interface (and hence the Node and EventTarget interfaces). Thus, the "core" properties and methods documented on this page are available for all kinds of documents.
In contemporary browsers, some documents (e.g. those served with the text/html content type) also implement the HTMLDocument interface.
In heutigen Browsern, SVG Dokumente implementieren das SVGDocument Interface.

In der Zukunft, alle diese Interfaces werden zusammengefasst zum Document Interface.

Eigenschaften

Hinweis: Das Document Interface erbt auch vom Node und EventTarget Interface.

Document.all: Provides access to all elements with an id. This is a legacy non-standard interface, you should use the Document.getElementById() method instead.
Document.async: Used with document.load to indicate an asynchronous request.
Document.characterSet: Returns the character set being used by the document.
Document.compatMode: Indicates whether the document is rendered in Quirks or Strict mode.
Document.contentType: Returns the Content-Type from the MIME Header of the current document.
Document.doctype: Returns the Document Type Definition (DTD) of the current document.
Document.documentElement: Returns the Element that is a direct child of the document. For HTML documents, this is normally the HTML element.
Document.documentURI: Returns the document URL.
Document.domConfig: Should return a DOMConfiguration object.
Document.implementation: Returns the DOM implementation associated with the current document.
Document.inputEncoding: Returns the encoding used when the document was parsed.
Document.lastStyleSheetSet: Returns the name of the style sheet set that was last enabled. Has the value null until the style sheet is changed by setting the value of selectedStyleSheetSet.
Document.mozSyntheticDocument: true if this document is synthetic, such as a standalone image, video, audio file, or the like.
Document.mozFullScreen: true when the document is in full-screen mode.
Document.mozFullScreenElement: The element that's currently in full screen mode for this document.
Document.mozFullScreenEnabled: true if calling element.mozRequestFullscreen() would succeed in the curent document.
Document.pointerLockElement: Returns the element set as the target for mouse events while the pointer is locked. null if lock is pending, pointer is unlocked, or if the target is in another document.
Document.preferredStyleSheetSet: Returns the preferred style sheet set as specified by the page author.
Document.selectedStyleSheetSet: Returns which style sheet set is currently in use.
Document.styleSheets: Returns a list of the style sheet objects on the current document.
Document.styleSheetSets: Returns a list of the style sheet sets available on the document.
Document.xmlEncoding: Returns the encoding as determined by the XML declaration.
Document.xmlStandalone Veraltet seit Gecko 10.0: Returns true if the XML declaration specifies the document to be standalone (e.g., An external part of the DTD affects the document's content), else false.
Document.xmlVersion Veraltet seit Gecko 10.0: Returns the version number as specified in the XML declaration or "1.0" if the declaration is absent.

The Document interface is extended with the ParentNode interface:

ParentNode.children Read only: Returns a live HTMLCollection containing all objects of type Element that are children of this ParentNode.
ParentNode.firstElementChild Read only: Returns the Element that is the first child of this ParentNode, or null if there is none.
ParentNode.lastElementChild Read only: Returns the Element that is the last child of this ParentNode, or null if there is none.
ParentNode.childElementCount Read only: Returns an unsigned long giving the amount of children that the object has.

Erweiterung für HTML Dokumente

Das Document Interface für HTML Dokumente erbt vom HTMLDocument Interface oder, ist seit HTML5 erweitert für solche Dokumente:

Document.activeElement: Returns the currently focused element.
Document.alinkColor: Returns or sets the color of active links in the document body.
Document.anchors: Returns a list of all of the anchors in the document.
Document.applets: Returns an ordered list of the applets within a document.
Document.bgColor: Gets/sets the background color of the current document.
Document.body: Returns the <body> element of the current document.
Document.cookie: Returns a semicolon-separated list of the cookies for that document or sets a single cookie.
Document.defaultView: Returns a reference to the window object.
Document.designMode: Gets/sets the ability to edit the whole document.
Document.dir: Gets/sets directionality (rtl/ltr) of the document.
Document.domain: Returns the domain of the current document.
Document.embeds: Returns a list of the embedded <embed> elements within the current document.
Document.fgColor: Gets/sets the foreground color, or text color, of the current document.
Document.forms: Returns a list of the <form> elements within the current document.
Document.head: Returns the <head> element of the current document.
Document.height: Gets/sets the height of the current document.
Document.images: Returns a list of the images in the current document.
Document.lastModified: Returns the date on which the document was last modified.
Document.linkColor: Gets/sets the color of hyperlinks in the document.
Document.links: Returns a list of all the hyperlinks in the document.
Document.location: Returns the URI of the current document.
Document.plugins: Returns a list of the available plugins.
Document.readyState: Returns loading status of the document.
Document.referrer: Returns the URI of the page that linked to this page.
Document.scripts: Returns all the <script> elements on the document.
Document.title: Returns the title of the current document.
Document.URL: Returns a string containing the URL of the current document.
Document.vlinkColor: Gets/sets the color of visited hyperlinks.
Document.width: Returns the width of the current document.

Event handlers

Document.onpointerlockchange: Returns the event handling code for the pointerlockchange event.
Document.onpointerlockerror: Returns the event handling code for the pointerlockerror event.
Document.onreadystatechange: Returns the event handling code for the readystatechange event.

Methoden

Hinweis: Das Document Interface erbt auch vom Node und EventTarget Interface.

Document.adoptNode(Node node): Adopt node from an external document.
Document.captureEvents(String eventName): See window.captureEvents.
Document.caretPositionFromPoint(Number x, Number y): Gets a CaretPosition based on two coordinates.
Document.createAttribute(String name): Creates a new Attr object and returns it.
Document.createAttributeNS(String namespace, String name): Creates a new attribute node in a given namespace and returns it.
Document.createCDATASection(String data): Creates a new CDATA node and returns it.
Document.createComment(String comment): Creates a new comment node and returns it.
Document.createDocumentFragment(): Creates a new document fragment.
Document.createElement(String name): Creates a new element with the given tag name.
Document.createElementNS(String namespace, String name): Creates a new element with the given tag name and namespace URI.
Document.createEntityReference(String name): Creates a new entity reference object and returns it.
Document.createEvent(String interface): Creates an event object.
Document.createNodeIterator(Node root[, Number whatToShow[, NodeFilter filter]]): Creates a NodeIterator object.
Document.createProcessingInstruction(String target, String data): Creates a new ProcessingInstruction object.
Document.createRange(): Creates a Range object.
Document.createTextNode(String text): Creates a text node.
Document.createTreeWalker(Node root[, Number whatToShow[, NodeFilter filter]]): Creates a TreeWalker object.
Document.elementFromPoint(Number x, Number y): Returns the element visible at the specified coordinates.
Document.enableStyleSheetsForSet(String name): Enables the style sheets for the specified style sheet set.
Document.exitPointerLock(): Release the pointer lock.
Document.getElementsByClassName(String className): Returns a list of elements with the given class name.
Document.getElementsByTagName(String tagName): Returns a list of elements with the given tag name.
Document.getElementsByTagNameNS(String namespace, String tagName): Returns a list of elements with the given tag name and namespace.
Document.importNode(Node node, Boolean deep): Returns a clone of a node from an external document.
document.mozSetImageElement: Allows you to change the element being used as the background image for a specified element ID.
Document.normalizeDocument(): Replaces entities, normalizes text nodes, etc.
Document.releaseCapture(): Releases the current mouse capture if it's on an element in this document.
Document.releaseEvents: See window.releaseEvents.
document.routeEvent Veraltet seit Gecko 24: See window.routeEvent.

The Document interface is extended with the ParentNode interface:

Document.getElementById(String id): Returns an object reference to the identified element.
Document.querySelector(String selector): Returns the first Element node within the document, in document order, that matches the specified selectors.
Document.querySelectorAll(String selector): Returns a list of all the Element nodes within the document that match the specified selectors.

The Document interface is extended with the XPathEvaluator interface:

Document.createExpression(String expression, XPathNSResolver resolver): Compiles an XPathExpression which can then be used for (repeated) evaluations.
Document.createNSResolver(Node resolver): Creates an XPathNSResolver object.
Document.evaluate(String expression, Node contextNode, XPathNSResolver resolver, Number type, Object result): Evaluates an XPath expression.

Erweiterung für HTML Dokumente

Das Document Interface für HTML Dokumente erbt vom HTMLDocument Interface oder ist seit HTML5 erweitert für solche Dokumente:

Document.clear(): In majority of modern browsers, including recent versions of Firefox and Internet Explorer, this method does nothing.
Document.close(): Closes a document stream for writing.
Document.execCommand(String command[, Boolean showUI[, String value]]): On an editable document, executes a formating command.
Document.getElementsByName(String name): Returns a list of elements with the given name.
Document.getSelection(): Returns a Selection object related to text selected in the document.
Document.hasFocus(): Returns true if the focus is currently located anywhere inside the specified document.
Document.open(): Opens a document stream for writing.
Document.queryCommandEnabled(String command): Returns true if the formating command can be executed on the current range.
Document.queryCommandIndeterm(String command): Returns true if the formating command is in an indeterminate state on the current range.
Document.queryCommandState(String command): Returns true if the formating command has been executed on the current range.
Document.queryCommandSupported(String command): Returns true if the formating command is supported on the current range.
Document.queryCommandValue(String command): Returns the current value of the current range for a formatting command.
Document.registerElement(String tagname[, Object options]): Registers a new custom element in the browser and returns a constructor for the new element.
Document.write(String text): Writes text in a document.
Document.writeln(String text): Writes a line of text in a document.

Spezifikationen

Spezifikation	Status	Kommentar
Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification Die Definition von 'Document' in dieser Spezifikation.	Empfehlung	Initial definition for the interface
Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Core Specification Die Definition von 'Document' in dieser Spezifikation.	Empfehlung	Supersede DOM 1
Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Core Specification Die Definition von 'Document' in dieser Spezifikation.	Empfehlung	Supersede DOM 2
DOM Die Definition von 'Document' in dieser Spezifikation.	Lebender Standard	Intend to supersede DOM 3
WHATWG HTML Living Standard Die Definition von 'Document' in dieser Spezifikation.	Lebender Standard	Turn the `HTMLDocument` interface into a `Document` extension.
Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 XPath Specification Die Definition von 'XPathEvaluator' in dieser Spezifikation.	Empfehlung	Define the `XPathEvaluator` interface which extend `Document`.
HTML Editing APIs Die Definition von 'Document' in dieser Spezifikation.	Bearbeiterentwurf	Extend the `Document` interface
CSS Object Model (CSSOM) View Module Die Definition von 'Document' in dieser Spezifikation.	Arbeitsentwurf	Extend the `Document` interface
CSS Object Model (CSSOM) Die Definition von 'Document' in dieser Spezifikation.	Arbeitsentwurf	Extend the `Document` interface
Pointer Lock Die Definition von 'Document' in dieser Spezifikation.	Anwärter Empfehlung	Extend the `Document` interface

Browser Kompatibilität

Firefox Hinweise

Mozilla defines a set of non-standard properties made only for XUL content:

document.currentScript: Returns the <script> element that is currently executing.
document.documentURIObject: (Mozilla add-ons only!) Returns the nsIURI object representing the URI of the document. This property only has special meaning in privileged JavaScript code (with UniversalXPConnect privileges).
document.popupNode: Returns the node upon which a popup was invoked.
document.tooltipNode: Returns the node which is the target of the current tooltip.

Mozilla also define some non-standard methods:

Document.execCommandShowHelp Veraltet seit Gecko 14.0: This method never did anything and always threw an exception, so it was removed in Gecko 14.0 (Firefox 14.0 / Thunderbird 14.0 / SeaMonkey 2.11).
Document.getBoxObjectFor: Use the Element.getBoundingClientRect() method instead.
Document.loadOverlay: Loads a XUL overlay dynamically. This only works in XUL documents.
document.queryCommandText Veraltet seit Gecko 14.0: This method never did anything but throw an exception, and was removed in Gecko 14.0 (Firefox 14.0 / Thunderbird 14.0 / SeaMonkey 2.11).

Internet Explorer Hinweise

Microsoft defines some non-standard properties:

document.fileSize*: Returns size in bytes of the document. Starting with Internet Explorer 11, that property is no longer supported. See MSDN.
Internet Explorer does not support all methods from the Node interface in the Document interface:

document.contains: As a work-around, document.body.contains() can be used.

Schlagwörter des Dokuments und Mitwirkende

Schlagwörter:

Mitwirkende an dieser Seite: wif10, fscholz, khalid32, Crash

Zuletzt aktualisiert von: wif10, 20.03.2015, 07:42:12

Siehe auch