String.prototype.replace()

Resumo

O método replace() retorna uma nova string com algum ou todas as combinações do padrão substituído por um substituto. O padrão pode ser uma string ou uma RegExp, e o substituto pode ser uma string ou uma função a ser chamada por cada combinação.

Sintaxe

str.replace(regexp|substr, newSubStr|function[, flags])

Parâmetros

regexp

Um objeto RegExp. a combinação é substituída pelo valor retornado do parâmetro #2.

substr

Uma String que é para ser substituída pela newSubStr.

newSubStr

A String que substitui a substring recebida do parâmetro #1. Uma série de padrões de substituições especiais são suportados; veja a seção "Especificando uma string como parâmetro" abaixo.

function

A function to be invoked to create the new substring (to put in place of the substring received from parameter #1). The arguments supplied to this function are described in the "Specifying a function as a parameter" section below.

flags

Nota: O argumento flags não funciona no v8 Core (Chrome e NodeJs). Uma string especificando uma combinação de flags de expressão regular. O uso do parâmetro flags no método String.prototype.replace() é não-padrão. Ao invés de usar este parâmetro, use um objeto RegExp com a flags correspondente. O valor deste parâmetro se for utilizado deve ser uma string consistindo de um ou mais dos seguintes caracteres para afetar a operação, tais como descrito:

g

combinação global

i

ignorar caso

m

combinação em várias linhas

y

sticky

Retornos

Uma nova string com algum ou todas as combinações do padrão substituído pelo substituidor.

Descrição

Este método não muda o objeto String. Ele simplesmente retorna uma nova string.

Para realizar uma pesquisa global e substituir, incluir a chave g na expressão regular ou se o primeiro parâmetro é uma string, inclua g no parâmetro flags.

Especificando uma string como parâmetro

A string substituidora pode incluir o seguinte padrão de substituição especial:

Specifying a function as a parameter

You can specify a function as the second parameter. In this case, the function will be invoked after the match has been performed. The function's result (return value) will be used as the replacement string. (Note: the above-mentioned special replacement patterns do not apply in this case.) Note that the function will be invoked multiple times for each full match to be replaced if the regular expression in the first parameter is global.

The arguments to the function are as follows:

(The exact number of arguments will depend on whether the first argument was a RegExp object and, if so, how many parenthesized submatches it specifies.)

The following example will set newString to 'abc - 12345 - #$*%':

function replacer(match, p1, p2, p3, offset, string) {
  // p1 is nondigits, p2 digits, and p3 non-alphanumerics
  return [p1, p2, p3].join(' - ');
}
var newString = 'abc12345#$*%'.replace(/([^\d]*)(\d*)([^\w]*)/, replacer);

Examples

Example: Using global and ignore with replace()

In the following example, the regular expression includes the global and ignore case flags which permits replace() to replace each occurrence of 'apples' in the string with 'oranges'.

var re = /apples/gi;
var str = 'Apples are round, and apples are juicy.';
var newstr = str.replace(re, 'oranges');
console.log(newstr);

Example: Defining the regular expression in replace()

In the following example, the regular expression is defined in replace() and includes the ignore case flag.

var str = 'Twas the night before Xmas...';
var newstr = str.replace(/xmas/i, 'Christmas');
console.log(newstr);

This prints 'Twas the night before Christmas...'

Example: Switching words in a string

The following script switches the words in the string. For the replacement text, the script uses the $1 and $2 replacement patterns.

var re = /(\w+)\s(\w+)/;
var str = 'John Smith';
var newstr = str.replace(re, '$2, $1');
console.log(newstr);

This prints 'Smith, John'.

Example: Using an inline function that modifies the matched characters

In this example, all occurrences of capital letters in the string are converted to lower case, and a hyphen is inserted just before the match location. The important thing here is that additional operations are needed on the matched item before it is given back as a replacement.

The replacement function accepts the matched snippet as its parameter, and uses it to transform the case and concatenate the hyphen before returning.

function styleHyphenFormat(propertyName) {
  function upperToHyphenLower(match) {
    return '-' + match.toLowerCase();
  }
  return propertyName.replace(/[A-Z]/g, upperToHyphenLower);
}

Given styleHyphenFormat('borderTop'), this returns 'border-top'.

Because we want to further transform the result of the match before the final substitution is made, we must use a function. This forces the evaluation of the match prior to the toLowerCase() method. If we had tried to do this using the match without a function, the toLowerCase() would have no effect.

var newString = propertyName.replace(/[A-Z]/g, '-' + '$&'.toLowerCase());  // won't work

This is because '$&'.toLowerCase() would be evaluated first as a string literal (resulting in the same '$&') before using the characters as a pattern.

Example: Replacing a Fahrenheit degree with its Celsius equivalent

The following example replaces a Fahrenheit degree with its equivalent Celsius degree. The Fahrenheit degree should be a number ending with F. The function returns the Celsius number ending with C. For example, if the input number is 212F, the function returns 100C. If the number is 0F, the function returns -17.77777777777778C.

The regular expression test checks for any number that ends with F. The number of Fahrenheit degree is accessible to the function through its second parameter, p1. The function sets the Celsius number based on the Fahrenheit degree passed in a string to the f2c() function. f2c() then returns the Celsius number. This function approximates Perl's s///e flag.

function f2c(x) {
  function convert(str, p1, offset, s) {
    return ((p1 - 32) * 5/9) + 'C';
  }
  var s = String(x);
  var test = /(\d+(?:\.\d*)?)F\b/g;
  return s.replace(test, convert);
}

Example: Use an inline function with a regular expression to avoid for loops

The following example takes a string pattern and converts it into an array of objects.

Input:

A string made out of the characters x, - and _

x-x_
x---x---x---x---
x-xxx-xx-x-
x_x_x___x___x___

Output:

An array of objects. An 'x' denotes an 'on' state, a '-' (hyphen) denotes an 'off' state and an '_' (underscore) denotes the length of an 'on' state.

[
  { on: true, length: 1 },
  { on: false, length: 1 },
  { on: true, length: 2 }
  ...
]

Snippet:

var str = 'x-x_';
var retArr = [];
str.replace(/(x_*)|(-)/g, function(match, p1, p2) {
  if (p1) { retArr.push({ on: true, length: p1.length }); }
  if (p2) { retArr.push({ on: false, length: 1 }); }
});

console.log(retArr);

This snippet generates an array of 3 objects in the desired format without using a for loop.

Specifications

Browser compatibility

Firefox-specific notes

• Starting with Gecko 27 (Firefox 27 / Thunderbird 27 / SeaMonkey 2.24), this method has been adjusted to conform with the ECMAScript specification. When replace() is called with a global regular expression, the RegExp.lastIndex property (if specified) will be reset to 0 (bug 501739).

See also

• String.prototype.match()
• RegExp.prototype.exec()
• RegExp.prototype.test()