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The split()
method splits a String
object into an array of strings by separating the string into substrings.
Syntax
str.split([separator[, limit]])
Parameters
separator
- Optional. Specifies the character(s) to use for separating the string. The
separator
is treated as a string or a regular expression. Ifseparator
is omitted, the array returned contains one element consisting of the entire string. Ifseparator
is an empty string,str
is converted to an array of characters. limit
-
Optional. Integer specifying a limit on the number of splits to be found. The
split()
method still splits on every match ofseparator
, until the number of split items match thelimit
or the string falls short ofseparator
.
Return value
An array of strings split at each point where the separator occurs in the given string.
Description
When found, separator
is removed from the string and the substrings are returned in an array. If separator
is not found or is omitted, the array contains one element consisting of the entire string. If separator
is an empty string, str
is converted to an array of characters.
If separator
is a regular expression that contains capturing parentheses, then each time separator
is matched, the results (including any undefined results) of the capturing parentheses are spliced into the output array. However, not all browsers support this capability.
split()
returns an array containing one empty string, rather than an empty array. If the string and separator are both empty strings, an empty array is returned.Examples
Using split()
The following example defines a function that splits a string into an array of strings using the specified separator. After splitting the string, the function displays messages indicating the original string (before the split), the separator used, the number of elements in the array, and the individual array elements.
function splitString(stringToSplit, separator) { var arrayOfStrings = stringToSplit.split(separator); console.log('The original string is: "' + stringToSplit + '"'); console.log('The separator is: "' + separator + '"'); console.log('The array has ' + arrayOfStrings.length + ' elements: ' + arrayOfStrings.join(' / ')); } var tempestString = 'Oh brave new world that has such people in it.'; var monthString = 'Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec'; var space = ' '; var comma = ','; splitString(tempestString, space); splitString(tempestString); splitString(monthString, comma);
This example produces the following output:
The original string is: "Oh brave new world that has such people in it." The separator is: " " The array has 10 elements: Oh / brave / new / world / that / has / such / people / in / it. The original string is: "Oh brave new world that has such people in it." The separator is: "undefined" The array has 1 elements: Oh brave new world that has such people in it. The original string is: "Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec" The separator is: "," The array has 12 elements: Jan / Feb / Mar / Apr / May / Jun / Jul / Aug / Sep / Oct / Nov / Dec
Removing spaces from a string
In the following example, split()
looks for 0 or more spaces followed by a semicolon followed by 0 or more spaces and, when found, removes the spaces and the semicolon from the string. nameList
is the array returned as a result of split()
.
var names = 'Harry Trump ;Fred Barney; Helen Rigby ; Bill Abel ;Chris Hand '; console.log(names); var re = /\s*;\s*/; var nameList = names.split(re); console.log(nameList);
This logs two lines; the first line logs the original string, and the second line logs the resulting array.
Harry Trump ;Fred Barney; Helen Rigby ; Bill Abel ;Chris Hand [ "Harry Trump", "Fred Barney", "Helen Rigby", "Bill Abel", "Chris Hand " ]
Returning a limited number of splits
In the following example, split()
looks for 0 or more spaces in a string and returns the first 3 splits that it finds.
var myString = 'Hello World. How are you doing?'; var splits = myString.split(' ', 3); console.log(splits);
This script displays the following:
Hello,World.,How
Capturing parentheses
If separator
contains capturing parentheses, matched results are returned in the array.
var myString = 'Hello 1 word. Sentence number 2.'; var splits = myString.split(/(\d)/); console.log(splits);
This script displays the following:
[ 'Hello ', '1', ' word. Sentence number ', '2', '.' ]
Reversing a String using split()
var str = 'asdfghjkl'; var strReverse = str.split('').reverse().join(''); // 'lkjhgfdsa' // split() returns an array on which reverse() and join() can be applied
Bonus: use ===
operator to test if the original string was palindrome.
Specifications
Specification | Status | Comment |
---|---|---|
ECMAScript 3rd Edition (ECMA-262) | Standard | Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.1. |
ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262) The definition of 'String.prototype.split' in that specification. |
Standard | |
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262) The definition of 'String.prototype.split' in that specification. |
Standard | |
ECMAScript 2017 Draft (ECMA-262) The definition of 'String.prototype.split' in that specification. |
Draft |
Browser compatibility
Feature | Chrome | Firefox (Gecko) | Internet Explorer | Opera | Safari |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) |
Feature | Android | Chrome for Android | Firefox Mobile (Gecko) | IE Mobile | Opera Mobile | Safari Mobile |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) | (Yes) |