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The WindowBase64.btoa() method creates a base-64 encoded ASCII string from a String object in which each character in the string is treated as a byte of binary data.
Since this function treats each character as a byte of binary data, regardless of the number of bytes which actually make up the character, an InvalidCharacterError exception is thrown if any character's code point is outside the range 0x00 to 0xFF. See Unicode strings for an example demonstrating how to encode strings with characters outside the 0x00 to 0xFF range
Syntax
var encodedData = window.btoa(stringToEncode);
Parameters
stringToEncode- A string whose characters each represent a single byte of binary data to be encoded into ASCII.
Return value
A string containing the Base64 representation of stringToEncode.
Exceptions
Example
var encodedData = window.btoa("Hello, world"); // encode a string
var decodedData = window.atob(encodedData); // decode the string
Notes
You can use this method to encode data which may otherwise cause communication problems, transmit it, then use the window.atob()
btoa() is also available to XPCOM components implemented in JavaScript, even though Window is not the global object in components.
Unicode strings
In most browsers, calling window.btoa() on a Unicode string will cause an InvalidCharacterError exception.
One option is to escape any extended characters so that the string you actually encode is an ASCII representation of the original. Consider this example, noted by Johan Sundström:
// ucs-2 string to base64 encoded ascii
function utoa(str) {
return window.btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(str)));
}
// base64 encoded ascii to ucs-2 string
function atou(str) {
return decodeURIComponent(escape(window.atob(str)));
}
// Usage:
utoa('✓ à la mode'); // 4pyTIMOgIGxhIG1vZGU=
atou('4pyTIMOgIGxhIG1vZGU='); // "✓ à la mode"
utoa('I \u2661 Unicode!'); // SSDimaEgVW5pY29kZSE=
atou('SSDimaEgVW5pY29kZSE='); // "I ♡ Unicode!"
A better, more faithful and less expensive solution is to use typed arrays to do the conversion.
Specifications
| Specification | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| WHATWG HTML Living Standard The definition of 'WindowBase64.btoa()' in that specification. |
Living Standard | No change since the latest snapshot, HTML5.1. |
| HTML5.1 The definition of 'WindowBase64.btoa()' in that specification. |
Working Draft | Snapshot of WHATWG HTML Living Standard. No change. |
| HTML5 The definition of 'WindowBase64.btoa()' in that specification. |
Recommendation | Snapshot of WHATWG HTML Living Standard. Creation of WindowBase64 (properties where on the target before it). |
Browser compatibility
| Feature | Chrome | Firefox (Gecko) | Internet Explorer | Opera | Safari (WebKit) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic support | (Yes) | 1.0 (1.7 or earlier)[1] | 10 | (Yes) | (Yes) |
| Feature | Android | Firefox Mobile (Gecko) | IE Mobile | Opera Mobile | Safari Mobile |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic support | (Yes) | 1.0 (1) | No support | ? | (Yes) |
[1] btoa() is also available to XPCOM components implemented in JavaScript, even though window is not the global object in components.