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This is an experimental technology
Because this technology's specification has not stabilized, check the compatibility table for usage in various browsers. Also note that the syntax and behavior of an experimental technology is subject to change in future versions of browsers as the specification changes.
Summary
The grid-template-columns
CSS property defines the line names and track sizing functions of the grid's columns.
Initial value | none |
---|---|
Applies to | grid containers |
Inherited | no |
Percentages | refer to corresponding dimension of the content area |
Media | visual |
Computed value | as specified, but with relative lengths converted into absolute lengths |
Animation type | discrete |
Canonical order | the unique non-ambiguous order defined by the formal grammar |
Syntax
/* Keyword value */ grid-template-columns: none; /* <track-list> values */ grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr; grid-template-columns: [linename] 100px; grid-template-columns: [linename1] 100px [linename2 linename3]; grid-template-columns: minmax(100px, 1fr); grid-template-columns: fit-content(40%); /* <auto-track-list> values */ grid-template-columns: 200px repeat(auto-fill, 100px) 300px; grid-template-columns: minmax(100px, max-content) repeat(auto-fill, 200px) 20%; grid-template-columns: [linename1] 100px [linename2] repeat(auto-fit, [linename3 linename4] 300px) 100px; grid-template-columns: [linename1 linename2] 100px repeat(auto-fit, [linename1] 300px) [linename3]; /* Global values */ grid-template-columns: inherit; grid-template-columns: initial; grid-template-columns: unset;
Values
none
- Is a keyword meaning that there is no explicit grid. Any columns will be implicitly generated and their size will be determined by the
grid-auto-columns
property. <length>
- Is a non-negative length.
<percentage>
- Is a non-negative
<percentage>
value relative to the inline size of the grid container. If the size of the grid container depends on the size of its tracks, then the percentage must be treated asauto
.
The intrinsic size contributions of the track may be adjusted to the size of the grid container and increase the final size of the track by the minimum amount that would result in honoring the percentage. <flex>
- Is a non-negative dimension with the unit
fr
specifying the track’s flex factor. Each<flex>
-sized track takes a share of the remaining space in proportion to its flex factor.When appearing outside a
minmax()
notation, it implies an automatic minimum (i.e.minmax(auto, <flex>)
). max-content
- Is a keyword representing the largest maximal content contribution of the grid items occupying the grid track.
min-content
- Is a keyword representing the largest minimal content contribution of the grid items occupying the grid track.
minmax(min, max)
- Is a functional notation that defines a size range greater than or equal to min and less than or equal to max. If max is smaller than min, then max is ignored and the function is treated as min. As a maximum, a
<flex>
value sets the track’s flex factor. As a minimum, it is treated as zero (or minimal content, if the grid container is sized under a minimal content constraint). auto
- Is a keyword that is identical to maximal content if it's a maximum. As a minimum it represents the largest minimum size (as specified by
min-width
/min-height
) of the grid items occupying the grid track. -
Note:
auto
track sizes (and onlyauto
track sizes) can be streched by thealign-content
andjustify-content
properties. fit-content( [ <length> | <percentage> ] )
- Represents the formula
min(max-content, max(auto, argument))
, which is calculated similar toauto
(i.e.minmax(auto, max-content)
), except that the track size is clamped at argument if it is greater than theauto
minimum.
Formal syntax
none | <track-list> | <auto-track-list>where
<track-list> = [ <line-names>? [ <track-size> | <track-repeat> ] ]+ <line-names>?
<auto-track-list> = [ <line-names>? [ <fixed-size> | <fixed-repeat> ] ]* <line-names>? <auto-repeat> [ <line-names>? [ <fixed-size> | <fixed-repeat> ] ]* <line-names>?where
<line-names> = '[' <custom-ident>* ']'
<track-size> = <track-breadth> | minmax( <inflexible-breadth> , <track-breadth> ) | fit-content( [ <length> | <percentage> ] )
<track-repeat> = repeat( [ <positive-integer> ] , [ <line-names>? <track-size> ]+ <line-names>? )
<fixed-size> = <fixed-breadth> | minmax( <fixed-breadth> , <track-breadth> ) | minmax( <inflexible-breadth> , <fixed-breadth> )
<fixed-repeat> = repeat( [ <positive-integer> ] , [ <line-names>? <fixed-size> ]+ <line-names>? )
<auto-repeat> = repeat( [ auto-fill | auto-fit ] , [ <line-names>? <fixed-size> ]+ <line-names>? )where
<track-breadth> = <length-percentage> | <flex> | min-content | max-content | auto
<inflexible-breadth> = <length> | <percentage> | min-content | max-content | auto
<fixed-breadth> = <length-percentage>where
<length-percentage> = <length> | <percentage>
Examples
CSS
#grid { display: grid; width: 100%; grid-template-columns: 50px 1fr; } #areaA { background-color: lime; } #areaB { background-color: yellow; }
HTML
<div id="grid"> <div id="areaA">A</div> <div id="areaB">B</div> </div>
Result
Specifications
Specification | Status | Comment |
---|---|---|
CSS Grid Layout The definition of 'grid-template-columns' in that specification. |
Candidate Recommendation | Initial definition |
Browser compatibility
Feature | Chrome | Firefox (Gecko) | Internet Explorer | Edge | Opera | Safari |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support | No support[1] | No support[2] | 10.0-ms[3] | 20-ms[3] | No support[1] | Nightly build-webkit |
Feature | Android | Firefox Mobile (Gecko) | IE Mobile | Opera Mobile | Safari Mobile |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic support | No support | No support | 10.0-ms[3] | No support | No support |
[1] Implemented behind the experimental Web Platform features flag in chrome://flags
since Chrome 29.0 and Opera 28.0.
[2] Implemented behind the preference layout.css.grid.enabled
, defaulting to false
since Gecko 40.0 (Firefox 40.0 / Thunderbird 40.0 / SeaMonkey 2.37). Since Gecko 51.0 (Firefox 51.0 / Thunderbird 51.0 / SeaMonkey 2.48) the fit-content()
function is supported.
[3] Internet Explorer implements an older version of the specification using the -ms prefix. Therefore the property is implemented there as -ms-grid-columns
.
See also
- Related CSS properties:
grid-template-rows
,grid-template-areas
,grid-template