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<!DOCTYPE> informs the browser which version of HTML (or XML) you used to write the document. Doctype is a declaration, not a tag; you can also refer to it as "document type declaration", or "DTD" for short.
Learn more
General Knowledge
- Document Type Declaration on Wikipedia
- Quirks Mode and Standards Mode
Technical reference
- Document.doctype, a JavaScript method that returns the doctype
- Using multiple DTDs for localizing