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Summary

The orphans CSS property refers to the minimum number of lines in a block container that must be left at the bottom of the page. This property is normally used to control how page breaks occur.

Initial value2
Applies toblock container elements
Inheritedyes
Mediavisual, paged
Computed valueas specified
Animation typediscrete
Canonical orderthe unique non-ambiguous order defined by the formal grammar

Syntax

/* Numerical value */
orphans: 3;

/* Global values */
orphans: inherit;
orphans: initial;
orphans: unset;

Values

<integer>
Only positive values are allowed.
inherit
Takes the same specified value as the property for the element's parent.

Formal syntax

<integer>

Example

CSS

div {
  background-color: #8cffa0;
  height: 150px;
  columns: 3;
  orphans: 3;
}

p {
  background-color: #8ca0ff;
}

p:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

HTML

<div>
  <p>This is the first paragraph containing some text.</p>
  <p>This is the second paragraph containing some more text than the first one. It is used to demonstrate how widows work.</p>
  <p>This is the third paragraph. It has a little bit more text than the first one.</p>
</div>

Result

Specifications

Specification Status Comment
CSS Fragmentation Module Level 3
The definition of 'orphans' in that specification.
Candidate Recommendation Extends orphans to apply to any type of fragment, like pages, regions or columns.
CSS Multi-column Layout Module
The definition of 'orphans' in that specification.
Candidate Recommendation Recommendations to consider widows in relation with columns
CSS Level 2 (Revision 1)
The definition of 'orphans' in that specification.
Recommendation Initial definition

Browser compatibility

Feature Chrome Firefox (Gecko) Internet Explorer Opera Safari (WebKit)
Basic support 25.0 No support 8 9.2 No support
Feature Android Firefox Mobile (Gecko) IE Mobile Opera Mobile Safari Mobile
Basic support 25.0 No support ? ? No support

See also

Document Tags and Contributors

 Last updated by: Sebastianz,