@media

Summary

The @media CSS at-rule associates a set of nested statements, in a CSS block that is delimited by curly braces, with a condition defined by a media query. The @media at-rule may be used not only at the top level of a CSS, but also inside any CSS conditional-group at-rule.

The @media at-rule can be accessed via the CSS object model interface CSSMediaRule.

Syntax

@media <media-query-list> {
  <group-rule-body>
}

A <media-query> is composed of a optional media type and/or a number of media features.

Media types

all: Suitable for all devices.
print: Intended for paged material and for documents viewed on screen in print preview mode. Please consult the section on paged media, and the media section of the Getting Started tutorial for information about formatting issues that are specific to paged media.
screen: Intended primarily for color computer screens.
speech: Intended for speech synthesizers. Note: CSS2 had a similar media type called 'aural' for this purpose. See the appendix on aural style sheets for details.

Note: CSS2.1 and Media Queries 3 defined several additional media types (tty, tv, projection, handheld, braille, embossed, aural), but they were deprecated in Media Queries 4 and shouldn't be used.

Media Features

Each media feature tests for one specific feature of the browser or device.

Name	Summary	Notes
`width`	Viewport width
`height`	Viewport height
`aspect-ratio`	Width-to-height aspect ratio of the viewport
`orientation`	Orientation of the viewport
`resolution`	Pixel density of the output device
`scan`	Scanning process of the output device
`grid`	Is the device a grid or bitmap?
`update-frequency`	How quickly (if at all) can the output device modify the appearance of the content	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`overflow-block`	How does the output device handle content that overflows the viewport along the block axis?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`overflow-inline`	Can content that overflows the viewport along the inline axis be scrolled?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`color`	Number of bits per color component of the output device, or zero if the device isn't color.
`color-index`	Number of entries in the output device's color lookup table, or zero if the device does not use such a table.
`display-mode`	The display mode of the application, as specified in the web app manifest's display member.	Defined in the Web App Manifest spec.
`monochrome`	Bits per pixel in the output device's monochrome frame buffer, or 0 if the device is not monochrome.
`inverted-colors`	Is the user agent or underlying OS inverting colors?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`pointer`	Is the primary input mechanism a pointing device, and if so, how accurate is it?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`hover`	Does the primary input mechanism allow the user to hover over elements?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`any-pointer`	Is any available input mechanism a pointing device, and if so, how accurate is it?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`any-hover`	Does any available input mechanism allow the user to hover over elements?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`light-level`	Current ambient light level	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`scripting`	Is scripting (e.g. JavaScript) available?	Added in Media Queries Level 4
`device-width`	Width of the rendering surface of the output device	Deprecated in Media Queries Level 4
`device-height`	Height of the rendering surface of the output device	Deprecated in Media Queries Level 4
`device-aspect-ratio`	Width-to-height aspect ratio of the output device	Deprecated in Media Queries Level 4
`-webkit-device-pixel-ratio`	Number of physical device pixels per CSS pixel	Nonstandard; WebKit/Blink-specific. If possible, use the `resolution` media feature instead.
`-webkit-transform-3d`	Are CSS 3D `transform`s supported?	Nonstandard; WebKit/Blink-specific
`-webkit-transform-2d`	Are CSS 2D `transform`s supported?	Nonstandard; WebKit-specific
`-webkit-transition`	Are CSS `transition`s supported?	Nonstandard; WebKit-specific
`-webkit-animation`	Are CSS `animation`s supported?	Nonstandard; WebKit-specific

Examples

@media print {
  body { font-size: 10pt }
}
@media screen {
  body { font-size: 13px }
}
@media screen, print {
  body { line-height: 1.2 }
}
@media only screen 
  and (min-device-width: 320px) 
  and (max-device-width: 480px)
  and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) {
    body { line-height: 1.4 }
}

Specifications

Specification	Status	Comment
Web Compatibility Standard The definition of 'CSS Media Queries' in that specification.	Living Standard	Standardizes the `-webkit-device-pixel-ratio` and `-webkit-transform-3d` media features.
CSS Conditional Rules Module Level 3 The definition of '@media' in that specification.	Candidate Recommendation	Defines the basic syntax of the `@media` rule.
Media Queries Level 4 The definition of '@media' in that specification.	Working Draft	Added `scripting`, `pointer`, `hover`, `light-level`, `update-frequency`, `overflow-block`, and `overflow-inline` media features. Deprecated all media types except for `screen`, `print`, `speech`, and `all`.
Media Queries The definition of '@media' in that specification.	Recommendation	No change.
CSS Level 2 (Revision 1) The definition of '@media' in that specification.	Recommendation	Initial definition.

Feature	Chrome	Firefox (Gecko)	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari
Basic support (`all`, `print`, `screen`)	1.0	1.0 (1.7 or earlier)	6.0	9.2	1.3
`speech`	No support	No support	No support	9.2	No support
Media features	1.0	1.0 (1.7 or earlier)	9.0	9.2	1.3
`display-mode` media feature	?	47 (47)	?	?	?

Feature	Android	Firefox Mobile (Gecko)	IE Mobile	Opera Mobile	Safari Mobile
Basic support (`all`, `print`, `screen`)	1.0	1.0 (1.7)	(Yes)	9.0	3.1
`speech`	No support	No support	No support	9.0	No support
Media features	1.0	1.0 (1.7)	(Yes)	9.0	3.1
`display-mode` media feature	?	(Yes)	?	?	?