By modifying the coordinate space, CSS transforms change the shape and position of the affected content without disrupting the normal document flow. This guide provides an introduction to using transforms.
CSS transforms are implemented using a set of CSS properties that let you apply affine linear transformations to HTML elements. These transformations include rotation, skewing, scaling, and translation both in the plane and in the 3D space.
CSS transforms properties
Two major properties are used to define CSS transforms: {{cssxref("transform")}} and {{cssxref("transform-origin")}}
- {{cssxref("transform-origin")}}
- Specifies the position of the origin. By default it is at the center of the element and can be moved. It is used by several transforms, like rotations, scaling or skewing, that need a specific point as a parameter.
- {{cssxref("transform")}}
- Specifies the transforms to apply to the element. It is a space separated list of transforms, which are applied one after the other, as requested by the composition operation.
Examples
Rotating
This example creates an iframe that lets you use Google's home page, rotated 90 degrees from its bottom-left corner.
<img style="transform: rotate(90deg); transform-origin: bottom left;"
src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/12539/Screen%20Shot%202016-02-16%20at%2015.53.54.png">
{{EmbedLiveSample('Rotating') }}
Skewing and translating
This example creates an iframe that lets you use Google's home page, skewed by 10 degrees and translated by 150 pixels on the X axis.
View live example View screenshot of example
<div style="transform: skewx(10deg) translatex(150px);
transform-origin: bottom left;">
<iframe src="https://www.google.com/" width="600" height="500"></iframe>
</div>
3D specific CSS properties
Performing CSS transformations in 3D space is a bit more complex. You have to start by configuring the 3D space by giving it a perspective, then you have to configure how your 2D elements will behave in that space.
Setting up a perspective
The first element to set is the perspective. The perspective is what gives us the 3D impression. The farther from the viewer the elements are, the smaller they are.
How quick they shrink is defined by the {{ cssxref("perspective") }} property. The smaller its value is, the deeper the perspective is.
perspective:0; |
perspective:250px; |
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perspective:300px; |
perspective:350px; |
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The second element to configure is the position of the viewer, with the {{ cssxref("perspective-origin") }} property. By default the perspective is centered on the viewer, which is not always adequate.
perspective-origin:150px 150px; |
perspective-origin:50% 50%; |
perspective-origin:-50px -50px; |
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Once you have done this, you can work on the element in the 3D space.
See also
- Using deviceorientation with 3D Transforms
- Intro to CSS 3D transforms (Blog post by David DeSandro)