« CSS « Understanding CSS z-index
Stacking context example 1
Let's start with a basic example. In the root stacking context we have two DIVs (DIV #1 and DIV #3), both relatively positioned, but without z-index properties. Inside DIV #1 there is an absolutely positioned DIV #2, while in DIV #3 there is an absolutely positioned DIV #4, both without z-index properties.
The only stacking context is the root context. Without z-indexes, elements are stacked in order of occurrence.
If DIV #2 is assigned a positive (non-zero and non-auto) z-index value, it is rendered above all the other DIVs.
Then if DIV #4 is also assigned a positive z-index greater than DIV #2's z-index, it is rendered above all the other DIVs including DIV #2.
In this last example you can see that DIV #2 and DIV #4 are not siblings, because they belong to different parents in the HTML elements' hierarchy. Even so, stacking of DIV #4 with respect of DIV #2 can be controlled through z-index. It happens that, since DIV #1 and DIV #3 are not assigned any z-index value, they do not create a stacking context. This means that all their content, including DIV #2 and DIV #3, belongs to the same root stacking context.
In terms of stacking contexts, DIV #1 and DIV #3 are simply assimilated into the root element, and the resulting hierarchy is the following:
- root stacking context
- DIV #2 (z-index 1)
- DIV #4 (z-index 2)
Example source code
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
<head><style type="text/css">
div { font: 12px Arial; }
span.bold { font-weight: bold; }
#div1,#div3 {
height: 80px;
position: relative;
border: 1px dashed #669966;
background-color: #ccffcc;
padding-left: 5px;
}
#div2 {
opacity: 0.8;
z-index: 1;
position: absolute;
width: 150px;
height: 200px;
top: 20px;
left: 170px;
border: 1px dashed #990000;
background-color: #ffdddd;
text-align: center;
}
#div4 {
opacity: 0.8;
z-index: 2;
position: absolute;
width: 200px;
height: 70px;
top: 65px;
left: 50px;
border: 1px dashed #000099;
background-color: #ddddff;
text-align: left;
padding-left: 10px;
}
</style></head>
<body>
<br />
<div id="div1">
<br /><span class="bold">DIV #1</span>
<br />position: relative;
<div id="div2">
<br /><span class="bold">DIV #2</span>
<br />position: absolute;
<br />z-index: 1;
</div>
</div>
<br />
<div id="div3">
<br /><span class="bold">DIV #3</span>
<br />position: relative;
<div id="div4">
<br /><span class="bold">DIV #4</span>
<br />position: absolute;
<br />z-index: 2;
</div>
</div>
</body></html>
See also
- Stacking without z-index : Default stacking rules
- Stacking and float : How floating elements are handled
- Adding z-index : Using z-index to change default stacking
- The stacking context : Notes on the stacking context
- Stacking context example 2 : 2-level HTML hierarchy, z-index on all levels
- Stacking context example 3 : 3-level HTML hierarchy, z-index on the second level
Original Document Information
- Author(s): Paolo Lombardi
- This article is the english translation of an article I wrote in italian for YappY. I grant the right to share all the content under Creative Commons: Attribution-Sharealike license
- Last Updated Date: July 9th, 2005
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