Weather app tutorial

Creating a weather app with templates

This tutorial tells you how to build an example app called weatherme.

We have created the Open Web App Bootstrap templates to help you get started writing an Open Web App. These templates are HTML/CSS/JS projects that are already set up to get you started writing your app quickly.

The code name for the Open Web App Bootstrap templates is Mortar. There are a number of templates available for different types of app, but for our purposes here we'll be using the "app-stub" template. This is a basic template that includes jQuery, require.js, volo, Mozilla Marketplace libraries, and other helpful things.

What you need

• Node.js (needed for volo and other tools described below)
• Git
• GitHub account (a free account is enough)
• Mortar

Setup

To get started, simply download the template. Alternatively, run this command (git is a GPL licensed source code management system):

$ git clone [email protected]:mozilla/mortar-app-stub.git weatherme

You will also need volo, so if you don't already have it (npm is a utility that comes with node.js):

$ npm install -g volo

Volo is a tool for running tasks for your project so that you can quickly test, optimize, and deploy your code with a single command.

Development

Ok, now we're ready to code. But wait, where are the HTML/CSS/JS files? Here's what the directory structure looks like:

README.textile
package.json
tools
volofile
www

The actual project is inside the www folder. The other files provide the capability for testing and deploying your code, which we will get to later.

If you look in www, you will see a lot of stuff there. Most of this came from the HTML5 Boilerplate project, but it has been heavily customized for writing Open Web Apps.

HTML

To add HTML code, open up www/index.html. The first thing you should do is set a title and description in the title and meta tags, and then add your app's HTML in the body tag. Don't add any CSS or JavaScript here, we'll get to that later.

You can see the code that was added for weatherme here. We're using Twitter Bootstrap, so you'll see a navigation element and some buttons.

Let's check the HTML in the browser. Run this command from the root of the project:

$ volo serve

This fires up a simple server on your local computer, and you can see your project by opening https://localhost:8008.

JavaScript

Next, let's add a JavaScript library. A good one is underscore.js, and we can get it with a simple volo command:

$ volo add underscore

The add command finds the project on GitHub and fetches it (you can also pass it a URL). It is now available as a library that we can import with require.js.

Next, let's write some JavaScript to power the app. I'm using Yahoo's weather API to get forecast data. Open up www/js/app.js and you'll see JavaScript already in there. This sets up require.js and includes jQuery and other libraries already.

You'll see the following statement:

define(function(require) {

This is defining a require.js module, and you need to write your code within this function. You can see the JavaScript code for weatherme here.

If you want to use a JavaScript library, you need to import it first. We added underscore.js to our project above, so to use it we would write:

var _ = require('underscore');

With require.js, never load in JavaScript with <script> tags. There might be a few exceptions, but everything should be imported with require. This helps modularity, separates concerns, and makes it easy to minimize and concatenate everything for deployment.

Since weatherme uses the Twitter Bootstrap tab component, we need to include its JavaScript. Add this line:

require('bootstrap/tab');

You don't care about the return value because it modifies the jQuery object. You can view the rest of the JavaScript for weatherme on GitHub.

CSS

Now, for CSS. Open up www/css/app.css and you'll see that it imports defaults.css. Feel free to open up defaults.css and modify the defaults. Since we are using Twitter Bootstrap, uncomment the following line:

@import "bootstrap.css";

That will include the CSS for Twitter Bootstrap components. We don't need the responsive CSS, so we will leave that commented out. When we build the app for deployment, this will all be inlined into a single CSS file.

Write the rest of the CSS for your app in this file. You can view the weatherme CSS here.

Now that I've written HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, it's time to test it! Fire up the serve command again:

volo serve

And test your app at https://localhost:8008. Time to fix bugs!

Deployment

Before we deploy, we need to customize manifest.webapp. Open up the file in www change the name, description, and other properties. If you're going to host it on github, make sure to set the launch_path setting to /<project-name>/ instead of just /.

volo build

volo serve base=www-built

If you want an appcache so that your app can run offline, volo has a command to generate it for you. All you need to do is:

volo appcache

And it will create it in the www-built directory (building your app if it hasn't been yet). That's it! All of your files will be cached and usable offline.

Lastly, volo has a command for deploying to GitHub. We recommend hosting your app on GitHub because it is easy and stable. You can't do this if you need a server-side component, but if it's all client-side you should use GitHub Pages. Just type:

volo ghdeploy

And volo will create a repo for you if it doesn't exist yet and push to the gh-pages branch, which tells github to create your page at <username>.github.com/<project>. You app is now live!

When you make future changes, you must first build your app (volo build) and then deploy it (volo ghdeploy). The ghdeploy command does not automatically build your app.