You should avoid using the API if at all possible. We intend to deprecate it in future releases. Its use currently causes an extra add-on security review.
This module should not be confused with the "chrome" global variable that WebExtensions can use to access APIs.
The chrome
module gives an Add-on SDK add-on access to the Components object, which in turn gives it access to a large set of privileged low-level Firefox APIs.
chrome
is a built-in pseudo module of the toolkit loader. See the chrome authority tutorial for more details.
You can see an example of using this API in the XUL Migration Guide.