animation-fill-mode

Summary

The animation-fill-mode CSS property specifies how a CSS animation should apply styles to its target before and after it is executing.

Syntax

animation-fill-mode: none;
animation-fill-mode: forwards;
animation-fill-mode: backwards;
animation-fill-mode: both;

/* Several values may be given, separated by commas. */
/* Each applies for each animation in animation-name. */
animation-fill-mode: none, backwards;
animation-fill-mode: both, forwards, none;

Values

none

The animation will not apply any styles to the target before or after it is executing.

forwards

The target will retain the computed values set by the last keyframe encountered during execution. The last keyframe encountered depends on the value of animation-direction and animation-iteration-count:

animation-direction	animation-iteration-count	last keyframe encountered
normal	even or odd	100% or to
reverse	even or odd	0% or from
alternate	even	0% or from
alternate	odd	100% or to
alternate-reverse	even	100% or to
alternate-reverse	odd	0% or from

backwards

The animation will apply the values defined in the first relevant keyframe as soon as it is applied to the target, and retain this during the animation-delay period. The first relevant keyframe depends on the value of animation-direction:

animation-direction	first relevant keyframe
normal or alternate	0% or from
reverse or alternate-reverse	100% or to

both

The animation will follow the rules for both forwards and backwards, thus extending the animation properties in both directions.

Formal syntax

<single-animation-fill-mode>#
where 
<single-animation-fill-mode> = none | forwards | backwards | both

Example

You can see the effect of animation-fill-mode in the following example. For animations that run for an infinite time, you might want them to end on the last state rather than the first.

HTML content

<p>Move your mouse over the grey box</p>
<div class="demo">
  <div class="grows">This just grows</div>
  <div class="growsandstays">This grows and stays big</div>
</div>

CSS content

.demo {
  border-top: 100px solid #ccc;
  height: 300px;
  font-family: sans-serif;
}
@keyframes grow {
    0% { font-size: 0 }
    100% { font-size: 40px }
}
@-webkit-keyframes grow {
    0% { font-size: 0 }
    100% { font-size: 40px }
}
.demo:hover .grows {
    animation-name: grow;
    animation-duration: 3s;
    -webkit-animation-name: grow;
    -webkit-animation-duration: 3s;
}
.demo:hover .growsandstays {
    animation-name: grow;
    animation-duration: 3s;
    animation-fill-mode: forwards;
    -webkit-animation-name: grow;
    -webkit-animation-duration: 3s;
    -webkit-animation-fill-mode: forwards;
}

Specifications

Browser compatibility

[1] In addition to the unprefixed support, Gecko 44.0 (Firefox 44.0 / Thunderbird 44.0 / SeaMonkey 2.41) added support for a -webkit prefixed version of the property for web compatibility reasons behind the preference layout.css.prefixes.webkit, defaulting to false. Since Gecko 49.0 (Firefox 49.0 / Thunderbird 49.0 / SeaMonkey 2.46) the preference defaults to true.

See also

• Using CSS animations
• AnimationEvent