Revision 1095865 of Использование геолокации

<p><strong>API геолокации</strong>&nbsp;позволяет пользователю предоставлять&nbsp;их местоположение web-приложению&nbsp;если они пожелают этого. Из соображений конфиденциальности, пользователя спрашивают разрешения на предоставление информации о местоположении.</p>

<h2 id="The_geolocation_object">Объект&nbsp;geolocation</h2>

<p>API геолокации публикуется через&nbsp;{{domxref("window.navigator.geolocation","navigator.geolocation")}} объект.</p>

<p>Если объект существует, сервисы геолокации доступны. Вы можете протестировать наличие&nbsp;сервиса геолокации следующим образом:</p>

<pre class="brush: js">
if ("geolocation" in navigator) {
  /* геолокация доступна */
} else {
  /* геолокация НЕдоступна */
}
</pre>

<div class="note">
<p><strong>Note:</strong> On Firefox&nbsp;24 and older versions, <code>"geolocation" in navigator</code> always returned <code>true</code> even if the API was disabled. This has been fixed with <a href="/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Firefox/Releases/25/Site_Compatibility">Firefox&nbsp;25</a> to comply with the spec. ({{ bug(884921) }}).</p>
</div>

<h3 id="Getting_the_current_position">Getting the current position</h3>

<p>To obtain the user's current location, you can call the {{domxref("window.navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition()","getCurrentPosition()")}} method. This initiates an asynchronous request to detect the user's position, and queries the positioning hardware to get up-to-date information. When the position is determined, the defined callback function is executed. You can optionally provide a second callback function to be executed if an error occurs. A third, optional, parameter is an options object where you can set the maximum age of the position returned, the time to wait for a request, and if you want high accuracy for the position.</p>

<div class="note">
<p><strong>Note:</strong> By default, {{domxref("window.navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition()","getCurrentPosition()")}} tries to answer as fast as possible with a low accuracy result. It is useful if you need a quick answer regardless of the accuracy. Devices with a GPS, for example, can take a minute or more to get a GPS fix, so less accurate data (IP location or wifi) may be returned to {{domxref("window.navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition()","getCurrentPosition()")}}.</p>
</div>

<pre class="brush: js">
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(function(position) {
  do_something(position.coords.latitude, position.coords.longitude);
});</pre>

<p>The above example will cause the <code>do_something()</code> function to execute when the location is obtained.</p>

<h3 id="Watching_the_current_position">Watching the current position</h3>

<p>If the position data changes (either by device movement or if more accurate geo information arrives), you can set up a callback function that is called with that updated position information. This is done using the {{domxref("window.navigator.geolocation.watchPosition()","watchPosition()")}} function, which has the same input parameters as {{domxref("window.navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition()","getCurrentPosition()")}}. The callback function is called multiple times, allowing the browser to either update your location as you move, or provide a more accurate location as different techniques are used to geolocate you. The error callback function, which is optional just as it is for {{domxref("window.navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition()","getCurrentPosition()")}}, can be called repeatedly.</p>

<div class="note">
<p><strong>Note:</strong> You can use {{domxref("window.navigator.geolocation.watchPosition()","watchPosition()")}} without an initial {{domxref("window.navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition()","getCurrentPosition()")}} call.</p>
</div>

<pre class="brush: js">
var watchID = navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(function(position) {
  do_something(position.coords.latitude, position.coords.longitude);
});</pre>

<p>The {{domxref("window.navigator.geolocation.watchPosition()","watchPosition()")}} method returns an ID number that can be used to uniquely identify the requested position watcher; you use this value in tandem with the {{domxref("window.navigator.geolocation.clearWatch()","clearWatch()")}} method to stop watching the user's location.</p>

<pre class="brush: js">
navigator.geolocation.clearWatch(watchID);
</pre>

<h3 id="Fine_tuning_response">Fine tuning response</h3>

<p>Both {{domxref("window.navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition()","getCurrentPosition()")}} and {{domxref("window.navigator.geolocation.watchPosition()","watchPosition()")}} accept a success callback, an optional error callback, and an optional <code>PositionOptions</code> object.</p>

<p>{{page("/en-US/docs/DOM/window.navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition","PositionOptions")}}</p>

<p>A call to {{domxref("window.navigator.geolocation.watchPosition()","watchPosition")}} could look like:</p>

<pre class="brush: js">
function geo_success(position) {
  do_something(position.coords.latitude, position.coords.longitude);
}

function geo_error() {
  alert("Sorry, no position available.");
}

var geo_options = {
  enableHighAccuracy: true, 
  maximumAge        : 30000, 
  timeout           : 27000
};

var wpid = navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(geo_success, geo_error, geo_options);</pre>

<p><a id="fck_paste_padding">A demo of watchPosition in use: </a><a class="external" href="https://www.thedotproduct.org/experiments/geo/">https://www.thedotproduct.org/experiments/geo/</a><br />
 <a id="fck_paste_padding"></a></p>

<h2 id="Describing_a_position">Describing a position</h2>

<p>The user's location is described using a <code>Position</code> object referencing a <code>Coordinates</code> object.</p>

<p>{{page("/en-US/docs/DOM/window.navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition","Position")}}</p>

<p>{{page("/en-US/docs/DOM/window.navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition","Coordinates")}}</p>

<h2 id="Handling_errors">Handling errors</h2>

<p>The error callback function, if provided when calling <code>getCurrentPosition()</code> or <code>watchPosition()</code>, expects a <code>PositionError</code> object as its first parameter.</p>

<pre class="brush: js">
function errorCallback(error) {
  alert('ERROR(' + error.code + '): ' + error.message);
};
</pre>

<p>{{page("/en-US/docs/DOM/window.navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition","PositionError")}}</p>

<h2 id="Geolocation_Live_Example">Geolocation Live Example</h2>

<div class="hidden">
<pre class="brush: css">
body {
  padding: 20px;
  background-color:#ffffc9
}

p { margin : 0; }
</pre>
</div>

<h3 id="HTML_Content">HTML Content</h3>

<pre class="brush: html;">
&lt;p&gt;&lt;button onclick="geoFindMe()"&gt;Show my location&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div id="out"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</pre>

<h3 id="JavaScript_Content">JavaScript Content</h3>

<pre class="brush: js;">
function geoFindMe() {
  var output = document.getElementById("out");

  if (!navigator.geolocation){
    output.innerHTML = "&lt;p&gt;Geolocation is not supported by your browser&lt;/p&gt;";
    return;
  }

  function success(position) {
    var latitude  = position.coords.latitude;
    var longitude = position.coords.longitude;

    output.innerHTML = '&lt;p&gt;Latitude is ' + latitude + '° &lt;br&gt;Longitude is ' + longitude + '°&lt;/p&gt;';

    var img = new Image();
    img.src = "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=" + latitude + "," + longitude + "&amp;zoom=13&amp;size=300x300&amp;sensor=false";

    output.appendChild(img);
  };

  function error() {
    output.innerHTML = "Unable to retrieve your location";
  };

  output.innerHTML = "&lt;p&gt;Locating…&lt;/p&gt;";

  navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(success, error);
}
</pre>

<h3 id="Live_Result">Live Result</h3>

<p>{{ EmbedLiveSample('Geolocation_Live_Example',350,410) }}</p>

<h2 id="Prompting_for_permission">Prompting for permission</h2>

<p>Any add-on hosted on addons.mozilla.org which makes use of geolocation data must explicitly request permission before doing so. The following function will request permission in a manner similar to the automatic prompt displayed for web pages. The user's response will be saved in the preference specified by the <code>pref</code> parameter, if applicable. The function provided in the <code>callback</code> parameter will be called with a boolean value indicating the user's response. If <code>true</code>, the add-on may access geolocation data.</p>

<pre class="brush: js">
function prompt(window, pref, message, callback) {
    let branch = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/preferences-service;1"]
                           .getService(Components.interfaces.nsIPrefBranch);

    if (branch.getPrefType(pref) === branch.PREF_STRING) {
        switch (branch.getCharPref(pref)) {
        case "always":
            return callback(true);
        case "never":
            return callback(false);
        }
    }

    let done = false;

    function remember(value, result) {
        return function() {
            done = true;
            branch.setCharPref(pref, value);
            callback(result);
        }
    }

    let self = window.PopupNotifications.show(
        window.gBrowser.selectedBrowser,
        "geolocation",
        message,
        "geo-notification-icon",
        {
            label: "Share Location",
            accessKey: "S",
            callback: function(notification) {
                done = true;
                callback(true);
            }
        }, [
            {
                label: "Always Share",
                accessKey: "A",
                callback: remember("always", true)
            },
            {
                label: "Never Share",
                accessKey: "N",
                callback: remember("never", false)
            }
        ], {
            eventCallback: function(event) {
                if (event === "dismissed") {
                    if (!done) callback(false);
                    done = true;
                    window.PopupNotifications.remove(self);
                }
            },
            persistWhileVisible: true
        });
}

prompt(window,
       "extensions.foo-addon.allowGeolocation",
       "Foo Add-on wants to know your location.",
       function callback(allowed) { alert(allowed); });
</pre>

<h2 id="Browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</h2>

<div>{{ CompatibilityTable() }}</div>

<div>&nbsp;</div>

<div id="compat-desktop">
<table class="compat-table">
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <th>Feature</th>
   <th>Chrome</th>
   <th>Firefox (Gecko)</th>
   <th>Internet Explorer</th>
   <th>Opera</th>
   <th>Safari</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>Basic support</td>
   <td>5</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop("1.9.1")}}</td>
   <td>9</td>
   <td>10.60<br />
    Removed in 15.0<br />
    Reintroduced in 16.0</td>
   <td>5</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>
</div>

<div id="compat-mobile">
<table class="compat-table">
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <th>Feature</th>
   <th>Android</th>
   <th>Chrome for Android</th>
   <th>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th>
   <th>Firefox OS</th>
   <th>IE Mobile</th>
   <th>Opera Mobile</th>
   <th>Safari Mobile</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>Basic support</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown()}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown()}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoMobile("4")}}</td>
   <td>1.0.1</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown()}}</td>
   <td>10.60<br />
    Removed in 15.0<br />
    Reintroduced in 16.0</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown()}}</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>
</div>

<h3 id="Gecko_notes">Gecko notes</h3>

<p>Firefox includes support for locating you based on your WiFi information using Google Location Services. In the transaction between Firefox and Google, data is exchanged including WiFi Access Point data, an access token (similar to a 2 week cookie), and the user's IP address. For more information, please check out Mozilla's <a class="external" href="https://www.mozilla.com/en-US/legal/privacy/" title="https://www.mozilla.com/en-US/legal/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a> and Google's <a class="external" href="https://www.google.com/privacy-lsf.html" title="https://www.google.com/privacy-lsf.html">Privacy Policy</a> covering how this data can be used.</p>

<p>Firefox 3.6 (Gecko 1.9.2) added support for using the <a class="external" href="https://catb.org/gpsd/" title="https://catb.org/gpsd/">GPSD</a> (GPS daemon) service for geolocation on Linux.</p>

<h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>

<ul>
 <li>{{domxref("window.navigator.geolocation","navigator.geolocation")}}</li>
 <li><a href="/en-US/Apps/Build/gather_and_modify_data/Plotting_yourself_on_the_map">Plotting yourself on the map</a></li>
 <li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/geolocation-API/" rel="external" title="https://www.w3.org/TR/geolocation-API/">Geolocation API on w3.org</a></li>
 <li><a href="/en-US/demos/tag/tech:geolocation" title="en-US/demos/tag/tech:geolocation/">Demos about the Geolocation API</a></li>
 <li><a href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2013/10/who-moved-my-geolocation/">Who moved my geolocation?</a> (Hacks blog)</li>
</ul>